Jiangmen (江门)

1. Introduction

Jiangmen City (official transliteration: Jiangmen; traditional foreign names: Kongmoon, Kongmun, Kiangmen), also known as Siyi or Wuyi, and abbreviated as Yi, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. It is located in the southern part of Guangdong Province and is one of the cities encompassed by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The city borders Zhuhai City and Zhongshan City to the east, Foshan City to the north, Yunfu City to the northwest, Yangjiang City to the west, and faces the South China Sea to the south. Situated in the Tanjiang River valley and low mountainous hilly region of the western Pearl River Delta, with its southern coastline along the South China Sea and on the western shore of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jiangmen is both a coastal and riverside city. It is part of the Pearl River-Zhongshan-Jiangmen metropolitan area, with Tianlu Mountain stretching across its northwest. The Tanjiang River flows eastward through the city, emptying into the Yamen Waterway, while the West River runs along the eastern edge of the city. Offshore, there are islands such as the Chuanshan Archipelago. The municipal government is located at No. 1 West Baisha Avenue, Pengjiang District. Jiangmen has a long history and a profound cultural heritage. Its unique Wuyi culture and hometown culture of overseas Chinese are particularly charming. Known as the "Capital of Overseas Chinese in China," it is also one of the representative cities of Cantonese culture.

2. Origin of the Name

Jiangmen is located at the confluence of the West River and its tributary, the Pengjiang River. The Yandun Mountain on the south bank and the Penglai Mountain on the north bank stand facing each other like a gate, hence the name Jiangmen (which means "river gate").

3. History

3.1 Qin and Han Dynasties

During the Qin and Han dynasties, Jiangmen was part of Panyu County.

3.2 Three Kingdoms Period to Pre-Republic of China Era

From the Three Kingdoms period until before the Republic of China, it was part of Xinhui County. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jiangmen Town under Xinhui County gradually rose to prominence, becoming a trade center in the Pearl River Delta, where goods from the middle and lower reaches of the West River were distributed. In February 1895 (the 21st year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty), Sun Yat-sen learned from Chen Shaobai that the abbot of Chaan Temple was a reclusive general. The next day, accompanied by Chen Shaobai, he traveled from Hong Kong to Jiangmen (Chaan Temple in Jianghai District) to meet Abbot Huizhen. They hit it off immediately, sharing a common goal of opposing the Qing Dynasty. From then on, Abbot Huizhen agreed to join the Revive China Society, and soon Chaan Temple became a base for the society. On September 5, 1902 (the 28th year of the Guangxu reign), Jiangmen was opened as a treaty port according to the "Sino-British Commercial Treaty." In 1904, Jiangmen established a customs office, becoming an important coastal treaty port in China. One month after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, on November 10, Huang Mengxing launched an uprising in Xinning County (present-day Taishan, Jiangmen). With the assistance of Xinning Railway workers, he arrested Li Jiyao, the Qing-appointed magistrate of Xinning. On November 16, more than 2,000 members of the Tongmenghui, led by Sun Yat-sen, including Huang Mingtang and Huang Zi, staged the Xinhai Armed Uprising in Jiangmen, occupying the town on the same day.

3.3 Republic of China Era

In 1913, the earliest theater, the Datong Theater, was built and opened. In 1925, Jiangmen was designated as a provincial municipality. In 1931, the municipal status was revoked, and it was returned to the jurisdiction of Xinhui County. During the Republic of China era, Jiangmen, along with Foshan Town in Nanhai County, Xintang Town in Zengcheng County, and Shilong Town in Dongguan County, were known as the "Four Great Towns of Guangdong." At that time, Jiangmen's commerce was highly developed, with over three kilometers of arcade streets remaining near the present-day urban areas of Changdi, Canghou Road, and Taiping Road. Wealthy merchants built numerous Western-style residences in the urban area and nearby areas such as Donghaili, Jiangyouli, and Jiananli in Baisha Township.

3.4 Establishment of the People's Republic of China to Present

On January 12, 1951, Jiangmen City was separated from Xinhui County and established as a provincial municipality. It was subsequently administered by the Central Guangdong Administrative Office, Zhaoqing Prefecture, and Foshan Prefecture, during which time it was a city under Xinhui County. On November 1, 1957, a meteorological station was established on Shangchuan Island (now the Shangchuan Island Meteorological Station). In 1964, the Kaiping Chishui Airport was completed. In 1983, with the implementation of the new system of cities administering counties, Jiangmen was designated as a prefecture-level city under provincial jurisdiction, administering seven counties: Xinhui, Taishan, Heshan, Enping, Kaiping, Yangjiang, and Yangchun. In 1988, Yangjiang and Yangchun became independent cities, while the remaining counties were successively upgraded to county-level cities. At that time, Jiangmen City administratively referred to Pengjiang District, Jianghai District, and the five subordinate county-level cities. After the founding of the People's Republic, the government invested in establishing a comprehensive industrial system in Jiangmen. Notable enterprises included the Jiangmen Sugarcane Chemical Factory (now Jiangmen Ganhua Group), once the second-largest sugar factory in Asia, Jiangmen Diesel Engine Factory, Jiangmen Paper Mill, Jiangmen Shipyard, Jiangmen Battery Factory, etc. During this period, Jiangmen's industrial output value rose to the third highest in Guangdong. In March 1993, the Jiangmen High-Tech Industrial Development Zone began construction. In April 1996, the Chaolian Bridge connecting the urban area with Chaolian Island opened to traffic.

In September 2002, the county-level Xinhui City was abolished, and the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City was established. Xinhui District administered the former county-level Xinhui City's towns: Huicheng, Daze, Siqian, Shadui, Gujing, Sanjiang, Yamen, Shuangshui, Luokeng, Da'ao, and Muzhou. The district government was stationed in Huicheng Town. The towns of Tangxia, Hetang, and Duruan from the former county-level Xinhui City were placed under the jurisdiction of Pengjiang District. Today, in the local conception, Jiangmen in the narrow sense refers only to Pengjiang and Jianghai Districts, while in the broad sense, it refers to Jiangmen City, which includes Xinhui District, Taishan, Heshan, Enping, and Kaiping.

On July 11, 2012, the Shangchuan Island Meteorological Station was upgraded to a National Reference Climatological Station. On December 3, 2012, the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Railway, which passes through Jiangmen, officially opened. The railway's starting stations are Gaolan Port and Jiangcun Station, with a hub station set up within Jiangmen City.

In July 2013, anti-nuclear protests occurred in the area. On December 31 of the same year, the executive meeting of the Guangdong Provincial Government approved the expansion of the Daguang Bay Economic Zone from the original 13 towns (districts) to 20 towns (districts).

From May 28, 2018, the Shenzhen-Zhanjiang Railway (Jiangmen-Zhanjiang section) began trial operations. On July 1, the Shenzhen-Zhanjiang Railway (Jiangmen-Zhanjiang section) officially opened for service.

In February 2019, the "Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" proposed the construction of the Daguang Bay Economic Zone. On August 30, 2019, Tencent Group signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the municipal government to build a smart city—Wecity Future City.

In April 2020, the Pingyan Railway launched its first Jiangmen freight train service (Yantian - Pinghu South - Jiangmen North).

On November 15, 2020, the Jiangmen Station of the Western Pearl River Delta Comprehensive Transportation Hub officially opened for operation. At 6:30 AM, the first train departed from Jiangmen Station.

On December 16, 2020, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China designated the Kaiping Diaolou Cultural Tourism Area as a National 5A-level Tourist Attraction.

On January 8, 2021, Ho Iat Seng, Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, led a delegation to inspect Jiangmen City. On April 23, the Public Terminal in the High-Tech Zone officially commenced operations. The terminal has met provincial standards. The first phase of the project provides six 3,000-ton multi-purpose berths, covering an area of over 400,000 square meters. The second phase is currently under construction. In December, the Nansha Port Railway opened, with starting stations at Jiangmen North Station and Guangzhou Nansha Port. Nansha Port added a new route connecting to container terminals for Jiangmen, following Gaolan Port and Yantian Port. With the opening of multiple railways, Jiangmen has initially established itself as a transportation hub city in the western Pearl River Delta. On December 17, the Zhu-Zhao High-Speed Railway officially commenced construction, with a total length of 75.345 kilometers (including the Jiangmen-Gaoming section as the initial phase). The Jiangmen Station - Pearl River Delta Hub Airport section is 57.9 kilometers within Jiangmen, with stations at Jiangmen, Heshan West, and Gaoming. Jiangmen Station is an existing station. The total budget for the entire line is approximately 19.3 billion yuan (including the initial phase), with 14.78 billion yuan for the Jiangmen section. The total construction period is 4.5 years.

In March 2022, the first phase of the Western Pearl River Delta International Logistics Center was completed. In the same month, the first China-Laos freight train service to Laos was launched.

On April 28, 2022, the Jiangmen North Station of the Western Pearl River Delta International Logistics Center launched its first China-Europe freight train service. The route is Jiangmen North Station - Alashankou - Małaszewicze, Poland - Hamburg, Germany - Duisburg. Jiangmen became the fourth city in the Greater Bay Area to launch a China-Europe freight train service, following Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan. Consequently, the number of China-Europe freight train departure stations in the Greater Bay Area increased to seven, with 20 routes in operation.

On September 3, 2022, construction began on the Zhu-Zhao High-Speed Railway section from Jiangmen Station (Western Pearl River Delta Hub) to Zhuhai Central Station (Hezhou). On September 28 of the same year, the S270 Jiangmen Avenue South Line (Sanjiang to Nanmen Bridge) opened to traffic along its entire length.

On October 9, 2022, the Shenzhen-Jiangmen High-Speed Railway (i.e., the Shenjiang Railway) officially commenced construction.

On January 26, 2024, "Huaqing Hao," China's first pneumatic wave power generation equipment with a capacity exceeding 100KW, developed by a team from Tsinghua University, was launched at the dock of Guangdong Minhua Shipbuilding Technology Co., Ltd. in Xinhui District. From March 5 to 11 of the same year, the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The session included the development of the Daguang Bay Economic Zone in the 14th Five-Year Plan and elevated it to a national-level strategy.

3.5 Archaeological Discoveries

According to the "Chronicle of Major Events in Jiangmen Over a Century," two Eastern Han Dynasty tombs were unearthed in the Jiangmen urban area in 1985. Additionally, according to the "Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics: Guangdong Volume," artifacts from the late Neolithic Age (approximately 4,000 years ago) have been discovered in Xinhui District, Kaiping City, Heshan City, Enping City, and Taishan City under the jurisdiction of Jiangmen City, indicating that there were already many ancient Baiyue inhabitants in the Wuyi region at least 4,000 years ago.

4. Geography

Jiangmen City is predominantly flat, with higher elevations in the northwest and lower elevations in the southeast. Its rivers include the West River, Jiangmen Waterway, and Tan River. Jiangmen is rich in marine resources, with a sea area of 2,886 square kilometers and a coastline approximately 420 kilometers long, accounting for about one-tenth of Guangdong Province's total. It has 561 islands with a total area of 249.97 square kilometers and an island coastline of 400 kilometers (including island groups such as Chuanshan Islands and Dajin Island). The city boasts abundant wetland resources, including one fir forest and over 15 mangrove forests covering an area of 17.98 square kilometers, which constitutes 21.9% of the Pearl River Delta's total. The mountainous and hilly areas in Jiangmen cover more than 4,400 square kilometers, accounting for 46.13% of the city's total area. The total water resources amount to 12.08 billion cubic meters, representing 6.49% of Guangdong Province's total (with reservoirs such as Fengfeiyun Reservoir, Dashahe Reservoir, and Dalongdong Reservoir). The forest stock volume in Jiangmen is 18.608 million cubic meters, with a forest area of 407.3 thousand hectares. The forest coverage rate is 43.79%, the greening rate of forestry land is 87.6%, the built-up area greening coverage rate is 43.1%, and the per capita park green space area is 17.25 square meters. In the northwest and southern mountainous regions, there are thousands of hectares of primary and secondary forests, home to over 1,000 species of wild plants.

4.1 Climate

Jiangmen is located in the subtropical region of South China, characterized by a maritime-influenced South Asian subtropical monsoon climate. It features evergreen vegetation year-round, with perennial spring-like conditions. The average annual precipitation is 2,000 millimeters, and the average annual temperature is 21.8°C. Situated in a low-latitude subtropical area on the western coast of the Pearl River Estuary, Jiangmen has a 285-kilometer coastline. Influenced by maritime monsoons, the climate is warm and rainy, with an average annual sunshine duration of over 1,700 hours. The warm and humid climate is suitable for cultivating rice and various economic plants. The frost-free period exceeds 360 days, and there is no snowfall throughout the year. Annual temperature variations are minimal, with an average annual temperature of around 22°C across the region. Typhoons and heavy rainfall occur in summer. Temperatures range from a minimum of 5°C in winter to a maximum of 38°C in summer.

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual | |-------------------|-----------|-----------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------| | Record High °C | 27.8 | 29.4 | 31.6 | 34.0 | 36.1 | 37.6 | 38.3 | 37.7 | 37.4 | 34.5 | 32.4 | 30.5 | 38.3 | | Record High °F | 82.0 | 84.9 | 88.9 | 93.2 | 97.0 | 99.7 | 100.9 | 99.9 | 99.3 | 94.1 | 90.3 | 86.9 | 100.9 | | Avg. High °C | 18.3 | 19.1 | 21.9 | 26.0 | 29.7 | 31.4 | 32.7 | 32.6 | 31.2 | 28.6 | 24.4 | 20.2 | 26.3 | | Avg. High °F | 64.9 | 66.4 | 71.4 | 78.8 | 85.5 | 88.5 | 90.9 | 90.7 | 88.2 | 83.5 | 75.9 | 68.4 | 79.4 | | Daily Mean °C | 14.3 | 15.3 | 18.2 | 22.4 | 25.7 | 27.6 | 28.5 | 28.4 | 27.2 | 24.6 | 20.2 | 15.9 | 22.4 | | Daily Mean °F | 57.7 | 59.5 | 64.8 | 72.3 | 78.3 | 81.7 | 83.3 | 83.1 | 81.0 | 76.3 | 68.4 | 60.6 | 72.3 | | Avg. Low °C | 11.4 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 19.9 | 23.0 | 24.9 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 24.4 | 21.7 | 17.2 | 12.8 | 19.6 | | Avg. Low °F | 52.5 | 55.0 | 60.3 | 67.8 | 73.4 | 76.8 | 77.9 | 77.7 | 75.9 | 71.1 | 63.0 | 55.0 | 67.2 | | Record Low °C | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 15.4 | 18.0 | 22.3 | 21.8 | 16.6 | 10.7 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | | Record Low °F | 36.3 | 36.5 | 37.9 | 47.5 | 59.7 | 64.4 | 72.1 | 71.2 | 61.9 | 51.3 | 40.8 | 35.2 | 35.2 | | Avg. Precip. mm | 34.0 | 60.6 | 65.6 | 182.5 | 253.6 | 317.9 | 257.5 | 289.2 | 214.7 | 68.3 | 37.8 | 26.5 | 1,808.2 |2 | | Average precipitation inches | 1.34 | 2.39 | 2.58 | 7.19 | 9.98 | 12.52 | 10.14 | 11.39 | 8.45 | 2.69 | 1.49 | 1.04 | 71.2 | | Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 79 | 82 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 82 | 82 | 79 | 72 | 67 | 65 | 78 |

5. Administrative Divisions

Jiangmen City currently administers 3 municipal districts and oversees 4 county-level cities on behalf of the province.

• Municipal Districts: Pengjiang District, Jianghai District, Xinhui District
• County-level Cities: Taishan City, Kaiping City, Heshan City, Enping City | Division Code | Division Name | Hanyu Pinyin | Area (km²) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | |-------------------|---------------------|-----------------------|---------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------|------------------|-----------| | 440700 | Jiangmen City | Jiangmén Shì | 9,505.42 | 4,798,090 | Pengjiang District | 529000 | 12 | 61 | | 440703 | Pengjiang District | Péngjiāng Qū | 321.97 | 853,007 | Huanshi Subdistrict | 529000 | 3 | 3 | | 440704 | Jianghai District | Jiānghǎi Qū | 109.16 | 364,694 | Jiangnan Subdistrict| 529000 | 3 | | | 440705 | Xinhui District | Xīnhuì Qū | 1,354.72 | 909,277 | Huicheng Subdistrict| 529100 | 1 | 10 | | 440781 | Taishan City | Táishān Shì | 3,286.30 | 907,744 | Taicheng Subdistrict| 529200 | 1 | 16 | | 440783 | Kaiping City | Kāipíng Shì | 1,656.94 | 748,777 | Changsha Subdistrict| 529300 | 2 | 13 | | 440784 | Heshan City | Hèshān Shì | 1,082.73 | 530,684 | Shaping Subdistrict | 529700 | 1 | 9 | | 440785 | Enping City | Ēnpíng Shì | 1,693.60 | 483,907 | Encheng Subdistrict | 529400 | 1 | 10 |

6. Economy

In 2022, Jiangmen's annual gross domestic product (GDP) reached 377.341 billion yuan, with a per capita GDP of 78,043 yuan. Specifically, the added value of the primary industry was 32.461 billion yuan; the secondary industry was 172.364 billion yuan; and the tertiary industry was 172.516 billion yuan. The industrial structure ratio of the three sectors was 8.1:43.0:48.9. In 2023, driven by the demand for new energy vehicles, the city's GDP reached 402.225 billion yuan for the first time.

6.1 Agriculture

Agricultural products include rice, sugarcane, fruits, tea, and citrus.

6.2 Industry

Jiangmen is known as the "Textile City of Southern China." It is one of the nation's largest production bases for textiles and apparel, chemical fibers, leather products, food, paper products, the China (Shuikou) Faucet & Sanitary Ware Manufacturing Base, a small and medium-sized shipbuilding industrial base, and a rail transit equipment manufacturing base. Jiangmen is also a significant manufacturing hub in Guangdong Province, covering over 30 industrial sectors. The seven pillar industries in Jiangmen are electromechanical equipment, textiles and apparel, food, paper and paper products, electronic information, sanitary ware and building materials, tunnel equipment manufacturing, and rail transit equipment manufacturing. New energy, yachts, tunnel boring machines, motorcycle manufacturing, and subway manufacturing are all advantageous industries in Jiangmen. It hosts a small and medium-sized shipbuilding industrial base and the nation's sole production base for CRH6A intercity EMUs. Key enterprises include Hisense Guangdong Hisense Electronics Co., Ltd., Tiandi Yihao Beverage Co., Ltd., CRRC Guangdong, CIMC Vehicles Jiangmen Base, CALB (China Aviation Lithium Battery), LONGi Green Energy Technology, Heysea Yacht Group, Guangdong CIMC Modular Building Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Bridgestone, Hong Kong Apollo (Jiangmen) Ice Cream Co., Ltd., and the China (Guangdong Jiangmen) Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO).

6.3 Tertiary Industry

The main commercial districts in Jiangmen's urban area include the traditional business district stretching from Diwang Square to Chang'an Road, as well as the newly emerging Wanda Plaza-Huiyue Grand Mall commercial circle and Jianghai Plaza commercial circle in recent years. In 2019, the city's total retail sales of consumer goods reached 152.043 billion yuan. Other notable commercial areas include the Xinhui Hub New Town commercial circle, the Pengjiang Binjiang New District CBD commercial circle, and the Kaiping (Chishui) Aviation Eco-City.

Tourism is also a major pillar of Jiangmen's tertiary industry. In 2019, the city received 76.74 million tourist visits, with total tourism revenue reaching 69.052 billion yuan.

Under the 14th Five-Year Plan, the logistics industry within the tertiary sector continues to grow. In March 2022, the Pearl River West International Logistics Center was successfully upgraded (formerly the Pearl River West Logistics Park), bringing the number of settled logistics parks to nine.

6.4 Daguanghai Bay Economic Zone

The Daguanghai Bay Economic Zone is a region vigorously developed by the Jiangmen Municipal People's Government in recent years. It encompasses the Guanghai Bay Development Zone, the Yinhuwan Coastal New Area in Xinhui District, and 20 towns in Enping Town Bay. The Shenzhen-Jiangmen Cooperation Zone is located in the eastern part of the economic zone.

7. Transportation

Jiangmen serves as a transportation hub in the Pearl River Delta's western region and southern Guangdong, part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It acts as a transfer point for land-water intermodal transport from Guangzhou to Zhanjiang in western Guangdong and Hainan.

7.1 Highways

Jiangmen boasts a relatively well-developed highway network, with a total road mileage of 9,538 kilometers. Several expressways traverse the city, covering 489 kilometers. These include the Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway, Fo-Kai Expressway, Kai-Yang Expressway, Xin-Tai Expressway, Yinzhou Lake Expressway, S5 Gao-En Expressway, G2518 Zhong-Jiang Expressway, G2518 Jiang-He Expressway, G94 Western Coastal Expressway, S47 Jiang-Zhu Expressway, G94 Jiang-Zhao Expressway, National Highway 240, National Highway 325, S20 Guang-Zhong-Jiang Expressway, G2518 Jiang-Luo Expressway, and the under-construction Fo-Jiang Expressway. Additionally, the Huangmao Sea Passage (including Lion Mountain Tunnel and Elephant Mountain Tunnel) and Jiangmen Avenue run through the city.

7.2 Railways

The Jiangmen area was one of the earliest regions in China to construct railways. As early as 1909, the Xinning Railway (now Taishan) connecting Xinning and Xinhui was opened to traffic. After being dismantled during the War of Resistance against Japan, the area was left without railways. In 2011, the Jiangmen Line of the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Railway opened, with Jiangmen East Station and Xinhui Station serving the urban area. The Guangzhou-Zhuhai Railway, which also passes through Jiangmen's urban area, commenced operation in October 2012. The Jiangmen-Zhanjiang section of the Shenzhen-Zhanjiang Railway officially opened on July 1, 2018. This railway passes through Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, and Enping. As the Jiangmen Station's opening was temporarily delayed, Xinhui Station temporarily served as the main station, offering direct trains to Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhanjiang, Shanghai, Beijing, and other cities. On November 15, 2020, Jiangmen Station officially opened, becoming a crucial railway hub for Jiangmen City and the western Pearl River Delta. (Total railway mileage in the city reached 205 kilometers this year.) On December 17, 2021, construction began on the Jiangmen-Foshan section of the Pearl River Delta-Zhaoqing High-Speed Railway. On December 31, 2021, the Nansha Port Railway officially opened. On March 16, 2022, Jiangmen North Station officially commenced operations. Upon opening, it serves the entire western Pearl River Delta and the Greater Bay Area based at the Pearl River West International Logistics Center. This marks a milestone for Jiangmen in becoming a western Pearl River Delta hub, connecting the region's railways to national-level ports like Yantian Port, Gaolan Port, and Nansha Port. On March 16, 2022, Jiangmen North Station successfully launched its first international freight train service. On April 28, 2022, the first China-Europe freight train departed from Jiangmen North Station. On May 25, 2022, the Jiangmen-Zhuhai section of the Pearl River Delta-Zhaoqing High-Speed Railway also commenced construction.

7.3 Bridges and Sea Crossings

On May 1, 1976, the Pengjiang Bridge held its opening ceremony. In May 1988, the Waihai Bridge was completed and opened to traffic. In April 1996, the Chaolian Bridge opened, becoming the first bridge connecting Chaolian Island. In November of the same year, construction began on the Zhenhai Bay Bridge of the G94 Western Coastal Expressway, which was completed and opened in July 2007. In December 2017, the first phase of the Binjiang Bridge opened to traffic. In June 2020, construction began on the Huangmao Sea Crossing. In May 2021, the Jinshan Bridge was completed and opened. In December 2021, all four phases of the Binjiang Bridge were completed and opened.

• Jiangshun Bridge
• Yamen Bridge
• Liyue Bridge
• Jiangli Bridge
• Shengli Bridge
• Jiangmen Bridge
• Donghua Bridge
• Beijie Bridge
• Jianghai Bridge
• Xinli Bridge
• Huile Bridge
• Jiujiang Bridge
• Tanjiang Bridge
• Tanjiang Jinshan Bridge
• Jinjiang Bridge
• Hutiaomen Bridge

7.4 Tunnels

• Caihongling Tunnel
• Egongshan Tunnel
• Gudoushan Tunnel
• Guifengshan Tunnel
• Baishuidai Tunnel
• Fenghuangshan Tunnel
• Shanhui Tunnel

7.5 Waterways

Jiangmen Port is the second-largest inland river port in Guangdong Province. It also includes the national first-class freight ports Xinhui Port and Taishan Guanghai Port. The Yinzhou Lake waterway is navigable for 10,000-ton vessels. The water distance from Jiangmen to Hong Kong is 95 nautical miles and to Macau is 53 nautical miles, with multiple daily passenger ferry services operating between Jiangmen and Hong Kong/Macau. Shanhui Port provides several ferry services between the pier and Shangchuan Island and Xiachuan Island. On December 29, 2020, the first phase of the Guanghaiwan Deepwater Port project broke ground. On April 23, 2021, the Jiangmen High-tech Port - High-tech Zone Public Terminal (Jianghai Operation Area) commenced operations.

7.6 Public Transportation

Public transportation in the Jiangmen area is primarily provided by the Jiangmen City Bus Group. In the urban area of Jiangmen City together with Xinhui District, there are over 110 bus routes, forming the main mode of transport for residents. The taxi starting fare in the urban area is 7 yuan for the first 2 kilometers, and 2.70 yuan per kilometer thereafter. For journeys exceeding 12 kilometers, a 30% empty return fee is added to the per-kilometer fare.

7.7 Airport Terminals

Shenzhen Airport Jiangmen Terminal Kaiping Chishui Airport

8. Education

8.1 Secondary Education

• Wuyi University First Affiliated Middle School (Waihai Middle School)
• Guangdong Experimental High School (Jiangmen Campus)
• Guangya Middle School
• Pui Ying Middle School (including Junior and Senior High School)
• Zicha Middle School
• Fanluogang Middle School
• Jiangmen No.1 Middle School
• Jiangmen No.2 Middle School
• Jiangmen Tangxia Middle School
• Xinhui Chen Jinglun Middle School

8.2 Higher Education

Jiangmen established its first university, Wuyi University, in 1985. In 2021, the Jiangmen branch of Guangzhou Huali College commenced operations. Additionally, Jiangmen has several vocational colleges, including Jiangmen Polytechnic, Guangdong Nanfang Vocational College, Guangdong Jiangmen Preschool Teachers College, and Guangdong Jiangmen College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

8.3 Scientific Research

• Chinese Academy of Sciences Neutrino Laboratory
• National Energy Group Hydrogen Energy (Low-Carbon) Research Center (established by National Energy Group in December 2021)
• Shenzhen Aerospace Industrial Technology Research Institute
• Jiangmen Dual Carbon Laboratory

9. Population

By the end of 2021, Jiangmen City had a permanent resident population of 4.8351 million, an increase of 31,000 from the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban permanent resident population was 3.2801 million, accounting for 67.84% of the permanent resident population (the urbanization rate of the permanent resident population), an increase of 0.21 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The registered household population at the end of the year was 4.0287 million.

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's permanent resident population was 4,798,090. Compared with the 4,450,703 people from the Sixth National Population Census, the total increase over the ten years was 347,387 people, a growth of 7.81%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.75%. Among them, the male population was 2,485,465, accounting for 51.8% of the total population; the female population was 2,312,625, accounting for 48.2% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (with females as 100) was 107.47. The population aged 0-14 was 768,500, accounting for 16.02% of the total population; the population aged 15-59 was 3,153,283, accounting for 65.72% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 876,307, accounting for 18.26% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 624,205, accounting for 13.01% of the total population. The population living in urban areas was 3,244,934, accounting for 67.63% of the total population; the population living in rural areas was 1,553,156, accounting for 32.37% of the total population.

9.1. Ethnic Groups

Among the city's permanent resident population in 2020, the Han Chinese population was 4,591,759, accounting for 95.70%; the population of various ethnic minorities was 206,331, accounting for 4.30%. Compared with the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the Han Chinese population increased by 231,827 people, a growth of 5.32%, with its proportion of the total population decreasing by 2.26 percentage points; the population of various ethnic minorities increased by 115,560 people, a growth of 127.31%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 2.26 percentage points.

As of 2014, the city had 45 ethnic minorities, with a minority population of 90,760, accounting for approximately 2% of the city's total population. The distribution of the minority population is relatively dispersed, with the Zhuang ethnic group (accounting for 54.7% of the minority population), the Tujia ethnic group (accounting for 12.1% of the minority population), and the Miao ethnic group (accounting for 12.1% of the minority population) being the majority. Most of the floating minority population in the city work in enterprises; among the registered population, most minorities hold rural household registration. The registered employed minority labor force in the city reached 20,300, with the Zhuang ethnic group being the majority at 11,000 people, mainly concentrated in industries such as manufacturing and services. Currently, there are 7,135 minority students in ordinary primary and secondary schools in the city, accounting for 1.3% of all students, including 5,171 in primary schools, 1,446 in junior high schools, and 518 in ordinary high schools. Peiying High School currently has a Xinjiang High School Class, and Jiangmen Preschool Teachers College has a Tibet Secondary Vocational Class.

10. Religious Beliefs

Jiangmen City currently has four main religions: Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, and Taoism. The city has approximately 12,000 religious adherents, including 1,960 Catholics, 3,776 Protestants, about 5,000 Buddhists, and over 1,000 Taoists. A total of 62 religious activity sites are registered and open, comprising 13 Catholic churches, 36 Protestant churches, 7 Buddhist temples and nunneries, and 3 Taoist temples. There are 171 religious personnel, including: 2 priests, 19 nuns, 11 pastors, 30 preachers, 38 monks, 40 nuns (Buddhist), 22 male Taoist priests, and 9 female Taoist priests.

A total of 62 religious activity sites are registered and open in the city, including 13 Catholic churches, 36 Protestant churches, 7 Buddhist temples and nunneries, and 3 Taoist temples. There is one cross-regional religious organization: the Catholic Jiangmen Diocese Religious Affairs Democratic Management Committee; five city-wide religious organizations: the Municipal Catholic Patriotic Association, the Municipal Catholic Church, the Municipal Protestant Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee, the Municipal Protestant Association, and the Municipal Buddhist Association; and 15 county-level religious organizations.

11. Cantonese Opera Culture

The Wuyi region boasts a profound heritage in the performing arts. Notable figures include Kuang Xinhua, a native of Kaiping during the late Qing Dynasty, who is regarded as the pioneer of Cantonese opera revival, as well as the "Four Great Dan" and "Four Great Chou" performers of the Republic of China era. After 1949, renowned artists such as Hong Xiannü and Fang Yanfen, a native of Enping, further enriched the art form. With the adoption of the Guangzhou dialect in its performances, Cantonese opera incorporated a wealth of traditional folk tunes beloved by the masses, such as Muyu, Longzhou, Yue'ou, and Nanyin, transforming it into a grand local opera brimming with the cultural essence of South China. Over time, the exquisite arias from Cantonese opera gained independent popularity and were widely sung by the people, giving rise to the flourishing tradition of private opera clubs. In October 1978, the Jiangmen Cantonese Opera Troupe was reestablished. After relocating five times since 1979, when its base was set behind the Sanjiaotang Park in Pengjiang District, Jiangmen City, it was renamed the Jiangmen Cantonese Opera Heritage Center in 2019 and moved to a site near Donghu Park in Pengjiang District. In 2002, Taishan, Kaiping, and Xinhui were honored with the title of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Arts" by the China Folk Artists Association.

Note: On May 20, 2006, Cantonese opera was included in the first national list of intangible cultural heritage. On September 30, 2009, it was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

12. Sister Cities

• Riverside, USA
• Maricá, Brazil
• Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
• Oakland, USA
• Mesa, USA (Kaiping City)
• Millbrae, USA (Kaiping City)
• Angra dos Reis, Brazil (Taishan City)
• Ararat, Australia (Taishan City)
• Honiara, Solomon Islands
• São José dos Campos, Brazil (Taishan City)

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Pengjiang District

Xinhui District

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Livistona chinensis

Bougainvillea