Aksu Prefecture (阿克苏地区)

1. Introduction

Aksu Prefecture (Uyghur: ئاقسۇ ۋىلايىتى‎, Latin Uyghur: Aqsu Wilayiti) is a prefecture under the jurisdiction of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, located in the central-western part of Xinjiang. The prefecture borders Ili Prefecture to the north, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture to the east, Hotan Prefecture to the south, Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan to the northwest, while encircling the city of Aral in its central area. Situated on the southern foothills of the middle Tianshan Mountains and the northern part of the Tarim Basin, the terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The northern Tianshan mountain ridge has an elevation of 4,500 to 7,000 meters, with Tomur Peak reaching 7,435 meters, the highest peak in the Tianshan range. The northern part consists of the Baicheng Basin, the southwestern part features the Keping Mountain hills, the central area is a river alluvial plain, and the southern part is the Taklamakan Desert. Major rivers include the Aksu River, Weigan River, and Tarim River. The total area of the prefecture is 127,817 square kilometers, with a population of 2.5305 million, of which Uyghurs account for 75.9% and Han Chinese for 22.9%. The prefectural administrative office is located in Aksu City.

2. Etymology

• "Ak" (ئاق): Means "white".
• "Su" (سۇ): Means "water".
• "Aksu" (ئاقسۇ): Means "white water" or "clear water".

3. History

3.1 Ancient Times

From the Western Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BCE to the early Tang Dynasty in the 7th century, Aksu was known to the world as Gumo, an oasis city-state in the desert. The ancient city of Gumo at that time was located in the southern part of present-day Aksu (modern-day Karayulgun, east of Aksu City, Xinjiang). Meanwhile, Kucha was the capital of the Qiuci Kingdom. In the 1st century BCE, the Kingdom of Gumo had 3,500 households and a population of 24,500, including a military force of 4,500. The Kingdom of Gumo produced copper, iron, and orpiment, and its territory included present-day Aksu City and Baicheng. It interacted with the Han Empire through the Protectorate of the Western Regions. In the early 1st century, the King of Gumo killed the King of Wensu and annexed Wensu into Gumo. Later, it became subordinate to the Shache Kingdom, which dominated the Tarim Basin.

After the 3rd century, Gumo became subordinate to Qiuci and gradually evolved into a Buddhist city-state. In 629, Xuanzang visited the city and referred to it as the "Kingdom of Balujia" (Bharuka, Bohuan, or Baluka) in his Great Tang Records on the Western Regions. According to records, the Kingdom of Balujia spanned six hundred li from east to west and three hundred li from north to south. It had dozens of Sarvastivadin Buddhist monasteries with over a thousand monks and engaged in trade of cotton and textiles with neighboring city-states. The Kingdom of Balujia "shared similarities with the Kingdom of Quzhi (Qiuci) in terms of land suitability, climate, human nature, customs, writing, and laws, with only slight differences in language." The Balujia language of that time likely belonged to the eastern "Type C" Tocharian language, part of the Indo-European language family.

3.2 Medieval Period

From the 7th to the 9th century, Aksu was successively ruled by the Tang Empire (Taohuashi), the Tibetan Empire, and the Uyghur Khaganate, with the city-state changing hands multiple times. During this period, Aksu was a hub on the northern route of the Silk Road in the Tarim Basin and served as a passage for the perilous route through the Tian Shan Mountains into the Ili Valley via the Xiate Ancient Road (Ice Pass).

In 648 (the 22nd year of the Zhenguan era), the Tang Empire filled the power vacuum left by the defeat of the Turks, assuming the title of "Heavenly Khagan," and began conquering the Western Regions. It established the Qiuci Protectorate, a loose administrative institution, in the Kingdom of Quzhi, which became one of the Four Garrisons of Anxi. The following year, the Tang relocated the Anxi Protectorate to Qiuci, with the four garrisons of Yanqi, Qiuci, Yutian (modern-day Hotan), and Shule (modern-day Kashgar) under its jurisdiction. In 658, the Tang established Gumo Prefecture in Balujia and Wensu Prefecture in Wensu, and built Bohuan City (Buat-ɦuɑn) in Gumo Prefecture. The Tibetans captured Bohuan City in 670, but the Tang recaptured it in 692.

In 717, the Battle of Bohuan City erupted. On August 15th, Arabs, Tibetans, and the Türgesh tribe of the Western Turks, led by Suluk Khan, formed an alliance and besieged Bohuan City and Dashi City (Dai-dʑiᴇk-dʑiᴇŋ, modern-day Wushi County). Tang forces, led by Tang Jiahui, joined forces with the Karluks and Ashina Xian of the Western Turks to lift the siege. The Arab army was counterattacked and retreated to Tashkent, with many Arab soldiers captured. However, they were later released after the Umayyad Caliphate paid a ransom. Following the war, the Arabs were expelled from the northern part of Transoxiana. The Türgesh submitted to the Tang and subsequently attacked the Arabs in Fergana.

After 720, Tibetan forces advanced north into the Tarim Basin again, and Tang troops re-entered Anxi in the 740s. The Battle of Talas in 751 severely weakened the Tang army, and the original Four Garrisons of Anxi fell under the spheres of influence of Tibet and the Uyghurs. In 790, Bohuan City once again came under Tibetan control. In 840, the Uyghur Khaganate in the Mongolian Plateau collapsed. A group of Uyghurs established the Kingdom of Qocho (Gaochang, modern-day Turpan) as their base, and Bohuan City also became part of the Qocho Uyghur Kingdom's sphere of influence, beginning to use the Turkic name Aksu. After the 11th century, due to the influence of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Aksu began to undergo Islamization. In the 12th century, Aksu, along with the Qocho Uyghur Kingdom, became subordinate to the Western Liao (Kara Khitai).

In 1208, the Qocho Uyghur Kingdom abandoned the Western Liao and pledged allegiance to Genghis Khan. Between 1224 and 1227, Aksu served as the capital of Mangalai. It later became part of the Ögedeid Khanate and was seized by the Chagatai Khanate in 1286. Thereafter, it was ruled by the Chagatai lineage for nearly three hundred years. The Chagatai language of that time evolved into modern Uyghur. Records from the Timurid Empire and the Moghulistan Khanate (Eastern Chagatai Khanate) indicate that the city held significant economic and trade importance. In 1570, Ma Su, the last khan of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (then the Turpan Khanate), was captured by the Yarkent Khanate. Aksu became a base for Turkic and Mongol warlords and was governed by Khojas, subordinate first to the Yarkent Khanate and later to the Dzungar Khanate.

3.3 Modern and Contemporary Era

In 1757 (the 22nd year of the Qianlong era), the Qing army defeated the Dzungars and took control of Xinjiang. The following year, the Aksu Administrative Minister was established. In the 8th year of the Guangxu era (1882), the Aksu Circuit Patrol and Defense Command was established with the four eastern cities (Yanqi, Kucha, Aksu, Wushi), and Wensu Directly Administered Prefecture was established with Aksu. In the 9th year of the Guangxu era (1883), the establishment of the prefecture was completed, and the new Aksu city, also known as the Han city, was built, serving as the seat of the Aksu Circuit and Wensu Directly Administered Prefecture. In the 28th year of the Guangxu era (1902), Wensu Directly Administered Prefecture was upgraded to a prefecture. In April 1913 (the 2nd year of the Republic of China), Wensu Prefecture was reorganized into Aksu County, under the jurisdiction of Aksu Circuit. In 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), the Nationalist Government changed Aksu Circuit to Aksu Administrative District. In 1933 (the 22nd year of the Republic of China), it was renamed the Fourth Administrative District, and an Administrative Commissioner's Office was established. In 1943 (the 32nd year of the Republic of China), the Fourth Administrative District was changed to the Fourth District Administrative Supervision Commissioner's Office. In 1949, Aksu Special District was established, with the Commissioner's Office located in Aksu County. In May 1958, Wensu County was abolished, and its administrative area was merged into Aksu County. In 1962, the administrative system of Wensu County was restored. In November 1978, it was changed to the Aksu Prefecture Administrative Office. On August 19, 1983, Aksu County was abolished, and the county-level Aksu City was established. In January 2013, an area of 802.733 square kilometers from Aksu City, 474.208 square kilometers from Awat County, and 61.798 square kilometers from Kalpin County (totaling 1,338.739 square kilometers) was placed under the jurisdiction of Aral City. In December 2019, Kucha County was abolished, and the county-level Kucha City was established.

4. Geography

The Aksu Prefecture is located at the northern edge of the Tarim Basin on the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains, situated in the central part of southern Xinjiang. It borders the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture to the east, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan to the west, the Hotan Prefecture, Kashgar Prefecture, and Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture to the south, and the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture to the north. The total area of the prefecture is 132,500 square kilometers, with a border line of 235 kilometers. The terrain of Aksu Prefecture is high in the north and low in the south, sloping from northwest to southeast. The Tomur Peak, at an elevation of 7,435.3 meters, is the highest point in the prefecture; the Tarim River, at an elevation of 945 meters, is the lowest point. The northern part is the Tianshan mountainous area, the southern part is the Taklamakan Desert, and the central part consists of intermixed foothill gravelly alluvial fans, alluvial plains, gobi deserts, and oases. The mid- and low-mountain hilly belts contain extensive natural pastures with abundant water and grass, including the Heiyinshan Basin, Baicheng Basin, Kalpin Basin, and Wushi Valley. The middle and lower parts of the piedmont alluvial-proluvial inclined plains are flat, rich in water, and fertile in soil, forming the oases of the prefecture. Aksu Prefecture is one of the regions in Xinjiang with the most abundant water resources. Major rivers within its territory include the Tarim River, Aksu River, and Dolan River, with a total water resource volume of 630 million cubic meters and groundwater reserves of 500 million cubic meters. On the south bank of the Tarim River lies the Shengli Reservoir, and on the north bank lies the Dolan Reservoir, both being plain reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 148 million cubic meters. The largest natural freshwater lake is the Aiximan Lake, covering an area of 26.57 square kilometers.

Aksu Prefecture is located deep within the Eurasian continent, far from the ocean, and has a warm temperate arid climate with significant continental characteristics: dry climate, high evaporation, scarce precipitation with large annual and seasonal variations, many sunny days, long sunshine duration, abundant heat resources, drastic climate changes, cold winters and hot summers, large diurnal temperature differences, and very low average annual wind speeds. The northern and western mountainous areas of Aksu Prefecture are humid and rainy, with cool summers and cold winters, and snowfall in all seasons in the alpine zone. The plain areas, except for the Baicheng Basin and Wushi Valley, are relatively dry, with hot summers and cold winters. The Baicheng Basin and Wushi Valley have slightly shorter summers, slightly longer winters, and slightly more precipitation. The southern desert area is dry with little rain, frequent wind and sand, extremely hot summers, and dry, cold winters.

Aksu City Meteorological Data (Average data from 1981 to 2010, Extreme data from 1971 to 2010)

| Month | Record High °C (°F) | Average High °C (°F) | Daily Mean °C (°F) | Average Low °C (°F) | Record Low °C (°F) | Average Precipitation mm (inches) | Average Precipitation Days (≥ 0.1 mm) | Average Relative Humidity (%) | |-----------|--------------------------|--------------------------|------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------| | Jan | 8.8 (47.8) | -0.6 (30.9) | -7.2 (19.0) | -12.3 (9.9) | -25.2 (−13.4) | 1.8 (0.07) | 2.3 | 69 | | Feb | 14.4 (57.9) | 5.3 (41.5) | -1.3 (29.7) | -6.7 (19.9) | -24.4 (−11.9) | 2.7 (0.11) | 2.2 | 59 | | Mar | 27.9 (82.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 7.1 (44.8) | 1.1 (34.0) | -10.9 (12.4) | 4.3 (0.17) | 1.6 | 49 | | Apr | 34.5 (94.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 8.1 (46.6) | -3.1 (26.4) | 3.8 (0.15) | 1.5 | 41 | | May | 36.0 (96.8) | 26.9 (80.4) | 19.7 (67.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 2.7 (36.9) | 9.9 (0.39) | 3.1 | 45 | | Jun | 37.4 (99.3) | 30.2 (86.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 12.6 (0.50) | 5.3 | 48 | | Jul | 39.6 (103.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 8.7 (47.7) | 16.2 (0.64) | 6.6 | 53 | | Aug | 38.6 (101.5) | 30.6 (87.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.1 (0.48) | 6.3 | 56 | | Sep | 34.6 (94.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.6 (52.9) | 1.4 (34.5) | 8.7 (0.34) | 3.3 | 61 | | Oct | 29.4 (84.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 10.9 (51.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | -4.5 (23.9) | 4.7 (0.19) | 1.1 | 63 | | Nov | 22.4 (72.3) | 9.5 (49.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | -2.3 (27.9) | -12.9 (8.8) | 1.0 (0.04) | 0.7 | 68 | | December | 9.8 (49.6) | 0.8 (33.4) | -5.1 (22.8) | -9.3 (15.3) | -23.4 (−10.1) | 2.8 (0.11) | 1.9 | 74 | | Annual | 39.6 (103.3) | 17.9 (64.3) | 10.8 (51.5) | 4.7 (40.5) | -25.2 (−13.4) | 80.6 (3.19) | 35.9 | 57 |

Data source: China Meteorological Administration[18], China Weather Network[19]

5. Administrative Divisions

The Aksu Prefecture administers 2 county-level cities and 7 counties.

County-level cities: Aksu City, Kuqa City Counties: Wensu County, Xayar County, Xinhe County, Baicheng County, Uqturpan County, Awat County, Kalpin County. Administrative Divisions Map of Aksu Prefecture

| Division Code | Division Name | Uyghur Script | Hanyu Pinyin | Latin Transliteration | Area (km²) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Township-level Divisions | Border Management Area Scope | |-------------------|-----------------------|------------------------|------------------------|---------------------------|-------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------|------------------------------|----------------------------------| | 652900 | Aksu Prefecture | ئاقسۇ ۋىلايىتى | Ākèsū Dìqū | Aqsu Wilayiti | 127,816.66 | 2,714,422 | Aksu City | 843000 | 11 Subdistricts, 41 Towns, 44 Townships, 2 Ethnic Townships | Parts within the territory | | 652901 | Aksu City | ئاقسۇ شەھىرى | Ākèsū Shì | Aqsu Shehiri | 14,415.16 | 715,319 | Yingbazha Subdistrict | 843000 | 7 Subdistricts, 2 Towns, 4 Townships | None | | 652902 | Kuqa City | كۇچار شەھىرى | Kùchē Shì | Kuchar Shehiri | 14,525.13 | 530,328 | Xincheng Subdistrict | 842000 | 4 Subdistricts, 8 Towns, 6 Townships | None | | 652922 | Wensu County | ئونسۇ ناھىيىسى | Wēnsù Xiàn | Onsu Nahiyisi | 14,335.16 | 266,002 | Wensu Town | 843100 | 5 Towns, 5 Townships, 1 Ethnic Township | Entire territory | | 652924 | Xayar County | شايار ناھىيىسى | Shāyǎ Xiàn | Shayar Nahiyisi | 31,848.17 | 278,516 | Xayar Town | 842200 | 7 Towns, 4 Townships | None | | 652925 | Xinhe County | توقسۇ ناھىيىسى | Xīnhé Xiàn | Toqsu Nahiyisi | 5,820.46 | 194,473 | Xinhe Town | 842100 | 4 Towns, 4 Townships | None | | 652926 | Baicheng County | باي ناھىيىس | Bàichéng Xiàn | Bay Nahiyisi | 15,890.99 | 231,113 | Baicheng Town | 842300 | 4 Towns, 10 Townships | None | | 652927 | Uqturpan County | ئۇچتۇرپان ناھىيىسى | Wūshí Xiàn | Uchturpan Nahiyisi | 9,051.54 | 205,571 | Uqturpan Town | 843400 | 3 Towns, 6 Townships, 1 Ethnic Township | Entire territory | | 652928 | Awat County | ئاۋات ناھىيىسى | Āwǎtí Xiàn | Avat Nahiyisi | 13,017.89 | 242,481 | Awat Town | 843200 | 5 Towns, 3 Townships | None | | 652929 | Kalpin County | كەلپىن ناھىيىسى | Kēpíng Xiàn | Kelpin Nahiyisi | 8,912.16 | 50,619 | Kalpin Town | 843600 | 3 Towns, 2 Townships | None |

6. Economy

Aksu Prefecture is located in the central part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, situated at the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains and the northern edge of the Tarim Basin. It covers a total area of approximately 131,300 square kilometers and has a population of about 2.9 million. The economy of the region is predominantly agriculture-based, with extensive cultivation of crops such as cotton, wheat, and corn. Among these, the long-staple cotton enjoys a high reputation and is acclaimed as the "King of Cotton in China." In terms of industry, sectors such as textiles, chemicals, and building materials provide significant support for economic development. Additionally, Aksu Prefecture actively promotes tourism, leveraging its abundant natural resources and historical cultural heritage to attract visitors. In recent years, the economy of Aksu Prefecture has maintained steady growth, with its GDP reaching 187.615 billion yuan in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 6.3%.

7. Transportation

The Aksu Prefecture boasts convenient transportation, having established a comprehensive three-dimensional transport network primarily consisting of highways, railways, and aviation. In terms of highways, National Highways 314 and 217 traverse the entire region, connecting northern and southern Xinjiang. Expressways such as G3012 extend to various counties and cities, ensuring that all counties have access to roads of at least secondary grade. Regarding railways, the Southern Xinjiang Railway runs across the entire prefecture, with direct train services available from Aksu to cities like Urumqi and Korla. In aviation, Aksu is served by two civilian airports—Kuqa and Aksu—offering direct flights to multiple domestic cities. Additionally, Aksu is further enhancing its external transportation links through projects such as the Yining-Aksu Railway.

8. Education

The Aksu Prefecture, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, serves as a significant educational hub in southern Xinjiang. The region boasts abundant educational resources, including regular high schools, secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges, and teacher training institutions.

Regular High Schools: The First High School of Aksu Prefecture is one of the key high schools in the region. Established in 1944, it is recognized as a model regular high school in the autonomous region.

Secondary Vocational Education: The Aksu Prefecture Secondary Vocational and Technical School is a comprehensive secondary vocational institution offering a variety of specialized courses, with a focus on integrating industry and education.

Higher Vocational Education: The Aksu Vocational and Technical College is the only higher vocational college in southern Xinjiang. It offers multiple programs and is dedicated to cultivating high-quality technical and skilled professionals.

Teacher Education: The Aksu Education College, established in 1985, is the sole teacher training institution in the region, primarily focused on training primary and secondary school teachers.

Special Education: The Aksu Qiming School is a comprehensive special education institution providing educational services for children with hearing impairments, visual impairments, and intellectual disabilities.

Educational Policies and Achievements: Aksu Prefecture has achieved significant milestones in the field of education, such as promoting balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, deepening efforts to "control dropout rates and ensure school attendance," and fostering close integration between vocational education and local industries.

The education system in Aksu Prefecture covers all stages from preschool to higher education, striving to enhance educational quality and promote regional economic development and social progress.

9. Population

At the end of 2022, the resident population of the region was 2.7257 million, of which the urban resident population was 1.2358 million. The urbanization rate was 45.34%, an increase of 0.7 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The annual number of births was 18,800, with a birth rate of 6.90‰; the number of deaths was 15,500, with a death rate of 5.69‰; the natural growth rate was 1.21‰.

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the resident population of the entire region was 2,714,422. Compared with the 2,370,809 people from the Sixth National Population Census, there was an increase of 343,613 people over the ten years, a growth of 14.49%, with an average annual growth rate of 1.36%. Among them, the male population was 1,405,059, accounting for 51.76% of the total population; the female population was 1,309,363, accounting for 48.24% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (with females as 100) was 107.31. The population aged 0–14 was 673,072, accounting for 24.8% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 was 1,784,058, accounting for 65.73% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 257,292, accounting for 9.48% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 172,473, accounting for 6.35% of the total population. The population residing in urban areas was 1,188,225, accounting for 43.77% of the total population; the population residing in rural areas was 1,526,197, accounting for 56.23% of the total population.

9.1. Ethnic Groups

Among the resident population, the Han population was 542,713, accounting for 22.9% of the total population, while the combined population of various ethnic minorities was 1,828,096, accounting for 77.1% of the total population.

Ethnic Composition of Aksu Prefecture (November 2010)

| Ethnic Group | Population | Percentage of Total Population (%) | Percentage of Minority Population (%) | |------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------| | Uyghur | 1,799,512 | 75.90 | 98.44 | | Han | 542,713 | 22.89 | --- | | Hui | 11,334 | 0.48 | 0.62 | | Kyrgyz | 10,053 | 0.42 | 0.55 | | Tujia | 1,958 | 0.08 | 0.11 | | Tibetan | 1,097 | 0.05 | 0.06 | | Miao | 715 | 0.03 | 0.04 | | Mongolian | 617 | 0.03 | 0.03 | | Kazakh | 555 | 0.02 | 0.03 | | Manchu | 368 | 0.02 | 0.02 | | Other Ethnic Groups | 1,887 | 0.08 | 0.10 |

10. Religion

Aksu Prefecture, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, is an area of religious diversity. Historically, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and other religions have coexisted and blended here. Buddhism was introduced to Aksu during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Kucha region, where monks and nuns once accounted for one-tenth of the local population. By the 16th century, Islam had become the dominant religion in Xinjiang, with the Uygur residents primarily adhering to Islam.

Currently, religious activities in Aksu Prefecture are predominantly centered around Islam. Mosques are widespread across the region and serve as important venues for local Muslims to conduct prayers and religious activities. Additionally, the area retains historical sites of Christianity and Buddhism, such as the Kucha Grand Mosque and the Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves.

In recent years, the Aksu regional government has actively implemented policies for the management of religious affairs, protecting the freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law while strengthening efforts to counter extremism to maintain social stability.

11. Culture

Aksu Prefecture, located in the southwest of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, is a vital node along the ancient Silk Road, boasting profound historical and cultural heritage as well as unique natural landscapes. This area was once the homeland of the ancient states of Kucha, Gumo, and Yutian, and it served as the first stop for the introduction of Buddhist culture into China. It is renowned worldwide for its Buddhist cave complexes, such as the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves.

Aksu Prefecture is known for its multi-ethnic communities, home to 36 ethnic groups including the Uygur, Han, and Kazakh peoples. The cultural integration of these diverse ethnicities has formed distinctive regional cultural characteristics. For example, Dolan culture and Dolan culture are significant cultural symbols of the region, with Dolan music and dance enjoying high acclaim both domestically and internationally.

The natural landscapes of Aksu are equally captivating, featuring the Tianshan Mountains, the Tarim Basin, and the Taklamakan Desert, which together create magnificent natural wonders such as canyons, deserts, and oases. Additionally, the region is famous for its rich folk customs and traditional handicrafts, including hand weaving, embroidery, and carving techniques.

Aksu is not only a historically and culturally rich city but also a picturesque tourist destination with stunning natural scenery, attracting numerous domestic and international visitors to explore its unique charm.

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Aksu City

Aksu City

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