Dongying (东营)

1. Introduction

Dongying City is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province, People's Republic of China, located in the northern part of Shandong Province. The city borders Binzhou City to the west, Zibo City and Weifang City to the south, faces Laizhou Bay to the east, and borders the Bohai Sea to the north. Situated in the Yellow River Delta, the terrain is higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. The Yellow River flows from west to east across the entire area into the Bohai Sea. The area south of the Yellow River belongs to the Huai River Basin, featuring rivers such as the Xiaoqing River, Zhimai River, and Guangli River; the area north of the Yellow River belongs to the Hai River Basin, with rivers including the Chao River, Maxin River, and Zhanli River. The People's Government of Dongying City is located at No. 77 Fuqian Street, Dongying District.

Dongying City is a petroleum industrial city that developed due to the Shengli Oilfield. It serves as a central city in China's Yellow River Delta, an important petroleum base in China, and is also a member of the Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration, a National Sanitary City, and a National Civilized City.

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2. History

For the history of the area under the current jurisdiction of Dongying City before 1961, please refer to the history of Binzhou City.

In April 1961, the North China Petroleum Exploration Division drilled the first exploration well—Hua 8 Well—near Dongying Village in Xindian Commune, Guangrao County. On September 23, 1962, Ying 2 Well, drilled on the Dongying structure, yielded a daily oil flow of 555 tons, the highest daily output in the country at the time. This led to the establishment of the "September 23 Factory," later known as the Shengli Oilfield. In March 1965, to support the North China Petroleum Campaign, the Huimin Prefectural Committee decided to establish a county-level working body—the Dongying Working Committee of the Communist Party of China Huimin Prefecture and the Dongying Office. This body had no administrative jurisdiction and only oversaw newly established commercial, financial, postal, and telecommunications institutions serving the mining area.

To better develop the Shengli Oilfield and promote the construction of the Yellow River Delta, in August 1982, Shandong Province requested the State Council to establish the prefecture-level Dongying City. On November 10, the State Council approved the request, designating Kenli and Lijin counties from the former Huimin Prefecture, four communes from Guangrao County, four communes from Zhanhua County, one commune and three production brigades from Boxing County to form Dongying City. On August 30, 1983, the State Council approved the transfer of Guangrao County to Dongying City. On October 15, 1983, Dongying City was officially established, comprising three districts—Dongying, Niuzhuang, and Hekou—and three counties—Guangrao, Lijin, and Kenli.

In June 1987, Niuzhuang District was merged into Dongying District. In August 2016, Kenli County was upgraded to a district.

3. Geography

Dongying City is located in the Yellow River Delta region in northern Shandong Province, where the Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea within Dongying's territory. The coordinates of Dongying City are 36°55′ to 38°10′ north latitude and 118°07′ to 119°10′ east longitude. It borders the Bohai Sea to the east and north, Binzhou City to the west, and Zibo City and Weifang City to the south. The maximum north-south distance is 123 kilometers, the maximum east-west distance is 74 kilometers, and the total area is 7,923 square kilometers.

The Dongying section of the Yellow River starts from the Binzhou boundary, runs through the entire territory of Dongying City from southwest to northeast, and empties into the Bohai Sea in the northeastern part of Kenli District, with a length of 138 kilometers. The annual runoff of the Yellow River varies significantly from year to year, is unevenly distributed within the year, and has a high sediment concentration.

Meteorological Data of Dongying City (1971–2000)

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|------|------| | Record high °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 34.0 (93.2) | 40.7 (105.3) | 39.3 (102.7) | 40.3 (104.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.1 (97.0) | 32.6 (90.7) | 26.3 (79.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 40.7 (105.3) | | Average high °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 5.1 (41.2) | 11.5 (52.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 25.9 (78.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 31.2 (88.2) | 30.3 (86.5) | 26.5 (79.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 12.1 (53.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 18.4 (65.1) | | Daily mean °C (°F) | -2.6 (27.3) | -0.3 (31.5) | 5.7 (42.3) | 13.7 (56.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.8 (80.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 6.8 (44.2) | 0.1 (32.2) | 13.1 (55.6) | | Average low °C (°F) | -6.3 (20.7) | -4.2 (24.4) | 1.3 (34.3) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.2 (63.0) | 10.6 (51.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | -3.6 (25.5) | 8.8 (47.9) | | Record low °C (°F) | -17.6 (0.3) | -20.2 (-4.4) | -8.9 (16.0) | -2 (28) | 3.8 (38.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 14.6 (58.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | -1.5 (29.3) | -10.3 (13.5) | -16.4 (2.5) | -20.2 (-4.4) | | Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.5 (0.22) | 8.8 (0.35) | 12.5 (0.49) | 24.4 (0.96) | 39.9 (1.57) | 75.1 (2.96) | 160.3 (6.31) | 133.5 (5.26) | 45.9 (1.81) | 31.5 (1.24) | 14.9 (0.59) | 7.0 (0.28) | 559.3 (22.04) | | Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 2.7 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 69.5 |

4. Administrative Divisions

Dongying City currently administers 3 municipal districts and 2 counties.

• Municipal Districts: Hekou District, Dongying District, Kenli District
• Counties: Lijin County, Guangrao County

| Division Code | Division Name | Chinese Pinyin | Area (km²) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Townships | Towns | |-------------------|-------------------|--------------------|----------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------|------------------|---------------|-----------| | 370500 | Dongying City | Dongying Shi | 8,243.26 | 2,193,518 | Dongying District | 257093 | 15 | 23 | 2 | | 370502 | Dongying District | Dongying Qu | 1,178.18 | 931,555 | Shengli Subdistrict | 257029 | 6 | 4 | | | 370503 | Hekou District | Hekou Qu | 2,267.44 | 244,931 | Hekou Subdistrict | 257200 | 2 | 4 | | | 370505 | Kenli District | Kenli Qu | 2,330.99 | 257,104 | Kenli Subdistrict | 257500 | 2 | 5 | | | 370522 | Lijin County | Lijin Xian | 1,301.02 | 238,189 | Lijin Subdistrict | 257400 | 2 | 4 | 2 | | 370523 | Guangrao County | Guangrao Xian | 1,165.63 | 521,742 | Guangrao Subdistrict | 257300 | 3 | 6 | |

5. Economy

Dongying City is the location of the Shengli Oilfield. Industries dominated by petroleum, including oil extraction, manufacturing, and chemical industries, have taken initial shape, while the development levels of the service sector, information technology, and small and medium-sized private enterprises remain relatively low. Petrochemicals, tire manufacturing, and textiles have formed complete industrial chains, while copper smelting, salt production, papermaking, machinery, building materials, edible oil, and feed production hold significant shares in mainland China.

In 2010, the city's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 235.994 billion yuan (US$34.861 billion), ranking 45th among mainland cities (including municipalities directly under the central government). The industrial added value amounted to 161.202 billion yuan (US$23.813 billion), accounting for 68.31% of the GDP. The per capita GDP was 116,448 yuan (US$17,202), ranking 4th among mainland cities. The total local fiscal revenue was 10.488 billion yuan, with the per capita disposable income of urban residents at 23,796 yuan (US$3,515) and the per capita net income of rural residents at 7,938 yuan (US$1,173).

Throughout the year, the crude oil output within the jurisdiction was 27.4352 million tons, accounting for 13.51% of mainland China's annual production. Natural gas output reached 508 million cubic meters. Among major industrial products, cloth production amounted to 769 million meters, accounting for 0.96% of mainland China's annual production; refined copper output was 206,900 tons, accounting for 4.51% of mainland China's annual production; edible vegetable oil output was 442,200 tons, accounting for 1.14% of mainland China's annual production; and tire production reached 41.3509 million units.

6. Transportation

6.1 Urban Transportation

Dongying's urban roads are spacious, with relatively broad sidewalks and public green spaces on both sides. The pedestrian walkways adjacent to buildings are 5-7 meters wide and are often elevated 20-50 centimeters above ground level. Free public parking lots are planned throughout these areas, making parking relatively convenient within the city. The public transportation system in Dongying consists of buses, with multiple payment options including cash, IC cards, WeChat Pay, Alipay, UnionPay QuickPass, and the nationwide transportation union card, offering considerable convenience.

6.2 Highways

The Weihai to Wuhai Expressway from eastern Shandong converges with the Dongying to Qingzhou Expressway (shared section of G18 Weiwu Expressway/G25 Changshen Expressway/Coastal Expressway) in Guangrao County, south of Dongying City. It runs north-south through the central area of Dongying, reaching Kenli County in the north. On the north bank of the Yellow River, it splits into the G18 Weiwu Expressway and the Donggang Expressway. The expressways within Dongying stretch from Dongying Port in the north to the south, connecting with the Jinan to Qingdao Jiqing Expressway. Most cities on the Shandong Peninsula can be reached within 5 hours via the expressway network.

National Highway 220 and National Highway 340 have their zero-kilometer starting points here. National Highway 228 passes through the area.

6.3 Railway

Dongying Station is a third-class station on the Zidong Railway and also its terminal station. The Dedong Railway, which traverses Dongying, was completed and opened to traffic in 2015. It includes three intermediate stations in Dongying, such as Dongying South Station, and has connecting lines with the Zidong Railway. Currently, Dongying operates passenger trains to and from cities like Beijing, Jinan, and Binzhou.

6.4 Aviation

Dongying Shengli Airport Dongying Airport in Winter Dongying Shengli Airport is located in Yong'an Town, northeast of Dongying's urban area, approximately 9 kilometers from the city and about 25 kilometers from the city center. Since 1985, the airport has been under the administration of the Shengli Petroleum Administration and the Jinan Military Region. Since 2001, it ceased serving the administration and military and began serving passengers. Currently, the airport operates round-trip flights to destinations including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Xi'an, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Tianjin, Ningbo, Dalian, and Foshan.

In 2016, COMAC's Dongying Flight Test Base was completed, primarily responsible for flight testing for the C919 and ARJ21 projects. Additionally, there are small aircraft rental companies at Dongying Airport where passengers can learn to fly or rent small aircraft.

Bus Route 182 in Dongying city runs to Dongying Shengli Airport, shuttling between the North City Bus Company and the airport. There are over 10 daily buses from Dongying city to Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport, 7 buses to Qingdao Liuting International Airport, and airport shuttle buses that depart before flight times.

In Huanghekou Town, Kenli County, there is another agricultural airport with a shorter runway (only suitable for Yun-5 aircraft). It is primarily used for locust control, sightseeing, and transporting agricultural supplies.

6.5 Ports

Dongying Port is the main port of Dongying City, primarily handling maritime transport of regional goods and also operating passenger routes. In 2013, Dongying's waterway passenger volume was 660,000, waterway freight volume was 1.77 million tons, and port cargo throughput reached 14.2 million tons. By 2016, cargo throughput had increased to 43 million tons.

Furthermore, Dongying City has several fishing ports, such as Guangli Fishing Port and Hongguang Fishing Port.

7. Education

7.1 Higher Education

• Shandong Institute of Petrochemical Technology
• Dongying Vocational College
• Dongying Technician College

8. Population

At the end of 2022, Dongying City had a permanent resident population of 2.209 million, an increase of 14,000 from the end of the previous year. The urbanization rate of the permanent resident population was 71.81%, up 0.3 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The registered population at the end of the year was 1.9778 million. Among them, the population aged 0–17 was 370,900, the population aged 18–59 was 1.1608 million, and the population aged 60 and above was 446,100.

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's permanent resident population was 2,193,518. Compared with the 2,035,338 from the Sixth National Population Census, the total increase over the ten years was 158,180, a growth of 7.77%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.75%. Among them, the male population was 1,105,555, accounting for 50.4% of the total population; the female population was 1,087,963, accounting for 49.6% of the total population. The overall sex ratio (with females as 100) was 101.62. The population aged 0–14 was 380,498, accounting for 17.35% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 was 1,365,798, accounting for 62.27% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 447,222, accounting for 20.39% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 340,201, accounting for 15.51% of the total population. The urban population was 1,567,251, accounting for 71.45% of the total population; the rural population was 626,267, accounting for 28.55% of the total population.

According to the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the city's permanent resident population was 2.0353 million. Compared with the Fifth National Population Census, the total increase over the ten years was 242,300, a growth of 13.51%, with an average annual growth rate of 1.28%. Among them, males were 1.0308 million, accounting for 50.65% of the total population; females were 1.0045 million, accounting for 49.35% of the total population. The overall sex ratio (with females as 100) was 102.62. The population aged 0–14 was 316,900, accounting for 15.57%; the population aged 15–64 was 1.537 million, accounting for 75.52%; and the population aged 65 and above was 181,400, accounting for 8.91%.

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9. Culture

The folk "Da Laohu" (Fighting the Tiger) opera in Liuhe Town is highly distinctive to the locality.

9.1 News Media

As Dongying City is the location of the Shengli Oilfield, it has two parallel news media systems: the city-operated Dongying Daily and Dongying Television Station; and the Shengli Oilfield's Shengli Daily and Shengli Oilfield Television Station, which primarily serve the oilfield's employees and their families.

9.2 Healthcare

Major hospitals in the city include the Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying District People's Hospital, and Honggang Hospital located in the central urban area of the West City; Dongying City People's Hospital and Dongying City Children's Hospital located in the East City; and the Shengli Oilfield Shengli Hospital located in the Bafenchang area.

9.3 Science and Technology

Many research institutions within the Shengli Oilfield possess certain scientific and technological infrastructure and development capabilities. According to the TOP500 list of global high-performance computing rankings released in June 2007, the high-performance computing system (supercomputer) of the Shengli Oilfield Geophysical Research Institute, with a measured LINPACK peak performance of 18.60 trillion floating-point operations per second, ranked 43rd globally. It was the computing system with the highest operational speed and information processing capacity in mainland China at that time.

10. Sister Cities

• Midland, Texas, USA
• Samcheok, Gangwon Province, South Korea
• Pyrénées-Orientales, France
• Bad Kissingen, Bavaria, Germany

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Dongying District

Dongying District

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Sophora japonica

Lotus flower