Jinhua (金华)

1. Introduction

Jinhua City, abbreviated as Wu or Jin, historically known as Wuzhou, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, located in the central part of Zhejiang. The city borders Hangzhou to the northwest, Shaoxing to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, Lishui to the south, and Quzhou to the west. Situated in the eastern part of the Jinqu Basin, its terrain is high in the north and south and low in the middle. The southern area is dominated by the Xianxia Ridge, the eastern part by the Dapan Mountains, the northeast by the Kuaiji Mountains, the north by the Longmen Mountains, and the northwest by the Qianligang Mountains. The Dongyang River (Yiwu River) and the Wuyi River converge in the urban area to form the Jinhua River, which flows westward and merges with the Qu River in Lanxi City to become the Lan River. Jinhua is also an important railway transportation hub in central Zhejiang, where the Shanghai-Kunming Railway, Jinhua-Qiandaohu Railway, Jinhua-Wenzhou Railway, and Shanghai-Kunming High-Speed Railway intersect. The Municipal People's Government is located at No. 801 Shuanglong South Street, Wucheng District.

Jinhua is a national historical and cultural city, named after the legend of "the place where the Venus and the Wu star compete in brilliance." Since the establishment of Dongyang Commandery in the first year of the Baoding era of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period (266 AD), it has a history of over 1,800 years and a splendid culture. Historically known as "Little Zou-Lu," Jinhua has long been celebrated as "a land of history and culture, a gathering place for notable figures, a city of thriving literary traditions, and a region of picturesque landscapes." It is the famous origin of Jinhua ham.

2. Etymology

The name Jinhua can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. According to the Yuejue Shu, the Jinhua region was anciently known as "Wuzhou." It was later named "Jinhua" due to an astronomical phenomenon described as "the Venus and the Weaving Maid stars vying in brilliance."

Another theory suggests that Jinhua derives its name from the "Jinhua Mountain" within its territory. Jinhua Mountain is a landmark range of Jinhua City and has been regarded as a place of spiritual beauty since ancient times.

3. History

During the Spring and Autumn period, Jinhua was part of the territory of the Yue state. In the late Warring States period, after Yue was conquered by Chu, it came under Chu's control. During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was part of Wushang County (with its seat in present-day Yiwu), under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji Commandery. In the Eastern Han dynasty, Changshan County was established.

In the first year of the Baoding era of the Wu state during the Three Kingdoms period (266 AD), the western part of Kuaiji Commandery was designated as Dongyang Commandery, with its seat at Changshan (present-day downtown Jinhua), under Yangzhou. The Jin dynasty continued this administrative arrangement.

During the Southern Dynasties, in the second year of the Shaotai era of the Liang dynasty (556 AD), Jinzhou was established. In the third year of the Tianjia era of the Chen dynasty (562 AD), Jinzhou was abolished, and Dongyang Commandery was renamed Jinhua Commandery. The name "Jinhua" originates from the phrase "the land where the Venus star and the Girl star contend in brilliance."

In the thirteenth year of the Kaihuang era of the Sui dynasty (593 AD), it was reorganized as Wuzhou. In the third year of the Daye era (607 AD), Dongyang Commandery was reinstated. In the fourth year of the Wude era of the Tang dynasty (621 AD), it was again changed to Wuzhou, and Quzhou was separately established. In the first year of the Tianbao era (742 AD), Wuzhou was renamed Dongyang Commandery, and in the first year of the Qianyuan era (758 AD), it was restored as Wuzhou.

In the thirteenth year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan dynasty (1276 AD), it was changed to Wuzhou Route. In the eighteenth year of the Zhizheng era (1358 AD), Zhu Yuanzhang captured Wuzhou Route and renamed it Ningyue Prefecture. In the twentieth year of the Zhizheng era, it was renamed Jinhua Prefecture. In 1648, the Jinhua Massacre occurred.

In 1912, the prefecture system was abolished. In 1914, Jinhua Circuit was established. In 1927, the circuit system was abolished, and the counties remained directly under the provincial government.

On May 7, 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered Jinhua and established the Eighth Administrative District of Zhejiang Province. In October, it was renamed the Jinhua Special District. In April 1968, it was changed to the Jinhua Region. In May 1985, the Jinhua Region was abolished, and a prefecture-level city was established.

4. Geography

Jinhua is located in the eastern part of the Jinqu Basin, within the hilly basin region of central Zhejiang. Its terrain is characterized by higher elevations in the north and south and a lower central area. The basic topographic feature of Jinhua is "mountains on three sides enclosing a plain, with basins scattered among three rivers."

The upper reaches of the Dongyang River flow from east to west through Dongyang, Yiwu, and Jindong District, converging with the Wuyi River in downtown Jinhua to form the Jinhua River. It then flows northward and joins the Lan River in the urban area of Lanxi.

Climate

Jinhua has a subtropical monsoon climate. The average temperature in January is 5.2°C, in July it is 29.0°C, and the annual average temperature is 17.3°C. The extreme maximum temperature recorded was 41.5°C (on August 9, 2013), and the extreme minimum temperature was -9.6°C (on January 6, 1977). The average annual precipitation is 1,451.6 mm. Located in the Jinqu Basin, Jinhua is one of the high-temperature centers in Zhejiang during summer. From 1951 to 2013, there were 28 days with a maximum daily temperature ≥40°C, and from 1981 to 2010, the average number of high-temperature days per year was 33.7.

Meteorological Data for Jinhua (1971–2000)

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|--------|--------|--------|--------|-------|-------|-------|----------| | Record high °C (°F) | 24.3 | 27.4 | 32.6 | 32.9 | 36.4 | 37.5 | 40.5 | 39.3 | 39.6 | 35.3 | 31.3 | 23.8 | 40.5 | | | (75.7) | (81.3) | (90.7) | (91.2) | (97.5) | (99.5) | (104.9) | (102.7) | (103.3) | (95.5) | (88.3) | (74.8) | (104.9) | | Average high °C (°F) | 9.1 | 10.9 | 14.8 | 21.7 | 26.5 | 29.2 | 33.8 | 33.5 | 28.5 | 23.6 | 17.9 | 12.3 | 21.8 | | | (48.4) | (51.6) | (58.6) | (71.1) | (79.7) | (84.6) | (92.8) | (92.3) | (83.3) | (74.5) | (64.2) | (54.1) | (71.3) | | Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.2 | 6.8 | 10.7 | 17.1 | 21.8 | 25.1 | 29.0 | 28.6 | 24.1 | 18.9 | 13.2 | 7.4 | 17.3 | | | (41.4) | (44.2) | (51.3) | (62.8) | (71.2) | (77.2) | (84.2) | (83.5) | (75.4) | (66.0) | (55.8) | (45.3) | (63.2) | | Average low °C (°F) | 2.2 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 13.3 | 18.2 | 21.9 | 25.3 | 24.9 | 20.8 | 15.3 | 9.4 | 3.8 | 13.8 | | | (36.0) | (38.7) | (45.1) | (55.9) | (64.8) | (71.4) | (77.5) | (76.8) | (69.4) | (59.5) | (48.9) | (38.8) | (56.9) | | Record low °C (°F) | −9.6 | −8.9 | −1.6 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 13.3 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 13.1 | 2.4 | −2.7 | −6.8 | −9.6 | | | (14.7) | (16.0) | (29.1) | (33.1) | (47.7) | (55.9) | (65.8) | (65.5) | (55.6) | (36.3) | (27.1) | (19.8) | (14.7) | | Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.5 | 91.6 | 160.1 | 168.9 | 186.6 | 258.5 | 129.5 | 109.1 | 103.1 | 68.9 | 55.9 | 47.9 | 1,451.60 | | | (2.81) | (3.61) | (6.30) | (6.65) | (7.35) | (10.18) | (5.10) | (4.30) | (4.06) | (2.71) | (2.20) | (1.89) | (57.16) | | Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.4 | 14.5 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 158 |

Source: China Weather Network

5. Administrative Divisions

Jinhua City currently administers 2 municipal districts and 3 counties, and oversees 4 county-level cities on behalf of the province.

Municipal Districts: Wucheng District, Jindong District
County-level Cities: Lanxi City, Yiwu City, Dongyang City, Yongkang City
Counties: Wuyi County, Pujiang County, Pan'an County

In 2006, the Zhejiang Provincial Government designated Yiwu City as the sole pilot for the fourth round of expanding county-level powers, granting it economic and social management authority equivalent to that of a prefecture-level city, while it remains under the administrative leadership of Jinhua City.

Additionally, the following economic functional zones have been established within the Jinhua urban area: National-level Jinhua Economic and Technological Development Zone (including the Jinxi Subzone), Jinyi New Area, and Jinhua Mountain Tourism Economic Zone.

| Division Code | Division Name | Chinese Pinyin | Area (km²) | Resident Population (Nov. 2020) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Ethnic Townships | |-------------------|-------------------|--------------------------|----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------|------------------|-----------|---------------|----------------------| | 330700 | Jinhua City | Jīnhuá Shì | 10,941.75 | 7,050,683 | Wucheng District | 321000 | 42 | 74 | 31 | 1 | | 330702 | Wucheng District | Wùchéng Qū | 1,391.24 | 957,055 | Bailongqiao Town | 321000 | 9 | 9 | 9 | | | 330703 | Jindong District | Jīndōng Qū | 658.16 | 506,935 | Duohu Subdistrict | 321000 | 2 | 8 | 1 | | | 330723 | Wuyi County | Wǔyì Xiàn | 1,568.18 | 462,462 | Hushan Subdistrict | 321200 | 3 | 8 | 7 | | | 330726 | Pujiang County | Pǔjiāng Xiàn | 918.16 | 460,726 | Puyang Subdistrict | 322200 | 3 | 7 | 5 | | | 330727 | Pan'an County | Pán'ān Xiàn | 1,194.74 | 177,161 | Anwen Subdistrict | 322300 | 2 | 7 | 5 | | | 330781 | Lanxi City | Lánxī Shì | 1,312.44 | 574,801 | Lanjiang Subdistrict| 321100 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 1 | | 330782 | Yiwu City | Yìwū Shì | 1,104.53 | 1,859,390 | Choucheng Subdistrict| 322000 | 8 | 6 | | | | 330783 | Dongyang City | Dōngyáng Shì | 1,746.81 | 1,087,950 | Wuning Subdistrict | 322100 | 6 | 11 | 1 | | | 330784 | Yongkang City | Yǒngkāng Shì | 1,047.49 | 964,203 | Dongcheng Subdistrict| 321300 | 3 | 11 | | |

6. Economy

According to 2023 statistics, Jinhua City's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 601.127 billion yuan. Yiwu City contributed 205.562 billion yuan, ranking tenth among county-level administrative divisions in Zhejiang Province. The output values of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were 15.641 billion yuan, 236.741 billion yuan, and 348.745 billion yuan, respectively, resulting in an industrial structure ratio of 1.6 : 29.9 : 68.5. The per capita GDP was 84,133 yuan (11,939 USD). The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 73,639 yuan, while that of rural residents was 38,136 yuan. The annual local general public budget revenue was 52.580 billion yuan, and the local general public budget expenditure was 84.848 billion yuan.

6.1 Primary Industry

In 2023, the output value of Jinhua City's primary industry was 15.6 billion yuan, with the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery reaching 16.180 billion yuan. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the gentle hills in the southern suburbs were utilized to develop the Shimen Agricultural Reclamation Farm, recruiting labor mainly consisting of educated youth from surrounding cities. It was once the largest and earliest agricultural reclamation farm in Zhejiang Province. After the farm declined in the 1990s, several agricultural high-tech parks were established centered on the original farm land.

The city's total sown area of crops was 2.7581 million mu. Geographical indication agricultural products include Jinhua Ham, Jinhua Liangtouwu Pig, Jinhua Buddha's Hand, Yiwu Brown Sugar, Lanxi Small Radish, Lanxi Loquat, Lanxi Bayberry, Pujiang Grape, Pan'an Yunfeng Tea, Pan'an Five Traditional Chinese Medicines (Atractylodes macrocephala, Corydalis yanhusuo, Scrophularia ningpoensis, Fritillaria thunbergii, and Paeonia lactiflora 'Hang Baishao'), Wuyi "Wuyang Chunyu" Tea, Wuyi Xuan Lotus, among others.

Major Crop Production in Jinhua City, 2023 | Category | Grain | Cotton | Vegetables | Medicinal Herbs | Fruits | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Sown Area (10,000 hectares) | 86.73 | 0.48 | 51.33 | 0.93 | 0.85 | | Output (10,000 tons) | 48.49 | 0.07 | 118.36 | 3.87 | 20.41 |

In animal husbandry, annual pork production was 118,200 tons, beef production was 1,814 tons, and mutton production was 543 tons. The number of slaughtered pigs was 1.4138 million, slaughtered poultry was 19.5279 million, and milk production was 62,900 tons. Jinhua has over 15,800 dairy cows in stock, accounting for 40% of the provincial total. There are 18 large and medium-sized dairy farms with 200 or more cows, including dairy enterprises such as Liziyuan and Jiale. Jinhua is an important dairy processing base in Zhejiang and is known as the "Hometown of Dairy Cows in Southern China."

6.2 Secondary Industry

In 2023, the output value of Jinhua City's secondary industry was 236.7 billion yuan. The top ten industries are metal products; electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing; textile industry; automobile manufacturing; electronic equipment manufacturing; apparel industry; production and supply of electric power and heat power; non-metallic mineral products; general equipment manufacturing; and rubber and plastic products. Traditional advantageous industries at the county level include hardware manufacturing in Yongkang and Wuyi, specifically encompassing intelligent power tools, energy-saving and environmentally friendly power tools, medium and high-grade solid wood composite doors, new special applications, and intelligent anti-theft door production. The pharmaceutical industry is another key sector: Jinhua urban area excels in pharmaceutical preparations and chemical raw materials; Lanxi City is known for natural medicine preparations; Dongyang City focuses on chemical raw material drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates. Notable enterprises include Kangyu Pharmaceutical, Gaofeng Pharmaceutical, Jiayuan Pharmaceutical, Conba Group, and Puluo Chemical. Additionally, there are textile and apparel industries in Lanxi and Yiwu, crystal processing in Pujiang, and rosewood furniture manufacturing in Dongyang.

Jinhua City has two national-level economic and technological development zones: Jinhua Economic and Technological Development Zone and Yiwu Economic and Technological Development Zone. It also has nine provincial-level development zones: Wucheng Economic Development Zone, Jinpan Poverty Alleviation Economic Development Zone, Lanxi Economic Development Zone, Dongyang Economic Development Zone, Yongkang Economic Development Zone, Pujiang Economic Development Zone, Wuyi Economic Development Zone, and Pan'an Economic Development Zone.

6.3 Tertiary Industry

Jinhua City's advantageous tertiary industries include foreign trade exports, international service outsourcing, e-commerce, call center outsourcing, logistics services, and the film and television industry. In terms of regional specialization: the Jinhua Economic and Technological Development Zone focuses on the development of service outsourcing, cultural creativity, technology R&D, and information software; the Yiwu International Trade City serves as the core for international logistics, exhibition economy, and small commodity design services; the Hengdian World Studios in Dongyang is the center for film and television culture, overseas project contracting, and tourism services; Yongkang's headquarters economy represents industrial R&D services; Wuyi and Pan'an are the main areas for medical and wellness tourism services; and Zhejiang Normal University is the core for international education services.

In e-commerce, the annual online retail sales in 2024 reached 477.33 billion yuan, accounting for 15.6% of the province's total and ranking second in the province.

Jinhua Bank Jinhua Bank Local retail enterprise Futailong Local retail enterprise Futailong Jinhua Economic and Technological Development Zone Building Jinhua Economic and Technological Development Zone Building Jinyi New Area Comprehensive Bonded Zone Jinyi New Area Comprehensive Bonded Zone Hengdian World Studios - Mingqing Palace Scenic Area Hengdian World Studios - Mingqing Palace Scenic Area

6.4 Local Products

In March 2019, the "Jinhua Specialty Pancake Street" developed by the Jinhua City Construction Investment Group opened in the Xichun Lane area of Guzi City. The street gathers specialty pancakes from across Jinhua, such as Yafan Meat Pie, Jinhua Baked Cake and Preserved Vegetable Cake, Yiwu Donghe Meat Pie, Lanxi Egg and Meat Stuffed Cake, Wuyi and Yongkang Meat Wheat Cake, while also featuring local specialty snacks like steamed buns, zongzi, dumplings, tangyuan, and noodles.

In January 2021, Jinhua Crispy Cake, Jinhua Buddha's Hand Cake (Jindong District), Lanxi Egg and Meat Stuffed Cake, Lanxi Salty Soup Head, Dongyang Womian (Thick Noodle Soup), Yiwu Donghe Meat Pie, Yongkang Meat Wheat Cake, Pujiang One-Noodle, Wuyi Ai Cake (Mugwort Cake), Pan'an Garlic Cake, and Pan'an Fangqian Flat Wonton were selected among the Top 100 Zhejiang Provincial Rural Characteristic Snacks.

7. Transportation

7.1 Road Network

The main framework of the urban road network in Jinhua City adopts a layout combining ring roads and a grid pattern, consisting of three verticals, three horizontals, and three rings. The three verticals are Shuanglong Street, Bayi Street, and Dongshi Street; the three horizontals are Renmin Road, Liyu Road, and Haitang Road (the original National Highway 330); and the three rings are the existing Ring Road, the Second Ring Road, and the planned Outer Ring Road (Expressway Outer Ring).

The Jinhua urban area is planned to form an expressway network pattern of "two rings, four links, and nine radials," connecting to the Jinhua expressway network. The two rings refer to the First Ring Road and the Second Ring Road; the four links are Yingbin Avenue, Chisong Road, Renfang Street (the southern extension of Huancheng East Road), and Jinxing Street; and the nine radials are the Second Ring North Road–Jinyi Expressway, Huancheng North Road–Jinyi Central Avenue, Huancheng South Road–Jinyi South Line, Dongshi Street–Shibai Line, Jinwu Expressway, Bada Road–G330 Relocation Line, Jinqu Road–Hongdai Highway, Jinqu Road–Jinlan South Line, and Jinlan Central Line.

7.2 Public Transportation

There are currently 129 bus routes in Jinhua City, including 7 pure electric Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) routes, 60 urban regular bus routes (including 1 night route and 1 customized route), 118 urban-rural bus routes (of which 14 are direct routes), and 2 intercity bus routes. The Jinhua Municipal People's Government launched the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project in 2014, with the first route commencing operation on February 12, 2015. As of September 2019, the Jinhua BRT operates 6 routes, covering the main urban area, Jindong New City, Wucheng New City, Tangxi, Yiwu, and Lanxi. After its launch, due to its excellent performance, it was recognized by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China as a National Transportation Civilization Demonstration Window in 2015.

The first line of Jinhua Rail Transit, the Jinyi-Dong Line, commenced construction in December 2016, with its test section completed ahead of schedule on September 28, 2017. The Jinyi Line began trial operation on August 30, 2022, and the first phase of the Yidong Line started trial operation on December 28, 2022.

8. Education

As of 2021, Jinhua City had a total of 1,882 full-time schools at various levels: including 1,178 kindergartens, 387 primary schools, 189 junior high schools, 81 regular senior high schools, 27 secondary vocational schools, and 9 special education schools.

In terms of higher education, there are 11 higher education institutions in Jinhua, with a total enrollment (including postgraduate students) of 123,392 students: including 45,138 undergraduate students; and 8,314 faculty and staff. These include 5 regular universities, such as Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang College of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Xingzhi College of Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua Polytechnic, and Zhejiang Guangsha Vocational and Technical University of Construction; 4 higher vocational colleges, including Zhejiang Science and Trade Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang Hengdian Film and Television Vocational College, and Yiwu Industrial and Commercial College; and 2 adult higher education institutions.

Regarding senior high school education, the urban area of Jinhua has four provincial-level key high schools in Zhejiang Province: Zhejiang Jinhua No.1 High School, The High School Affiliated to Zhejiang Normal University (Jinhua No.2 High School), Tangxi High School, and Ai Qing High School. Other provincial-level key high schools include Zhejiang Yiwu High School, Zhejiang Dongyang High School, Lanxi No.1 High School, Yongkang No.1 High School, Wuyi No.1 High School, Pujiang High School, and Pan'an High School.

9. Population

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's permanent resident population was 7,050,683. Compared with the 5,361,572 people from the Sixth National Population Census, there was an increase of 1,689,111 people over the past ten years, representing a growth of 31.5% and an average annual growth rate of 2.78%. Among them, the male population was 3,716,342, accounting for 52.71% of the total population; the female population was 3,334,341, accounting for 47.29% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (with females as 100) was 111.46. The population aged 0–14 was 1,008,570, accounting for 14.3% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 was 4,912,875, accounting for 69.68% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 1,129,238, accounting for 16.02% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 817,097, accounting for 11.59% of the total population. The urban population was 4,808,140, accounting for 68.19% of the total population; the rural population was 2,242,543, accounting for 31.81% of the total population.

Among the city's permanent resident population, the Han ethnic group population was 6,619,459, accounting for 93.88%; the population of various ethnic minorities was 431,224, accounting for 6.12%. Compared with the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the Han ethnic group population increased by 1,440,334, a growth of 27.81%, with its proportion of the total population decreasing by 2.71 percentage points; the population of various ethnic minorities increased by 248,777, a growth of 136.36%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 2.71 percentage points.

Regarding the migrant population, in 2020, the temporary resident population in Jinhua City was 3,830,929. Among them, Jindong District had 265,097; the Municipal Economic Development Zone had 236,844; and Wucheng District had 156,706. In other counties and districts, Yiwu City had 1,577,321; Yongkang City had 549,530; Dongyang City had 544,169; Wuyi County had 205,273; Pujiang County had 166,220; Lanxi City had 92,513; and Pan'an County had 37,255. The main sources of the floating population were provinces such as Guizhou, Jiangxi, Henan, Anhui, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan.

9.1. Ethnic Groups

9.1.1. Overview

Jinhua City is located in the central part of Zhejiang Province and is a city inhabited by multiple ethnic groups. The main ethnic group in Jinhua City is the Han ethnic group, while there are also small populations of ethnic minorities. Various ethnic groups coexist harmoniously in Jinhua City, jointly promoting the city's economic and social development.

9.1.2. Major Ethnic Groups

9.1.2.1. Han Ethnic Group

The Han ethnic group is the dominant ethnic group in Jinhua City, constituting the vast majority of the city's total population. The Han ethnic group has a long history in Jinhua City, with a profound cultural heritage, and has played a leading role in the city's economic and social development.

9.1.3. Ethnic Minorities

The ethnic minority population in Jinhua City is relatively small, but there are still some ethnic minorities residing here. The main ethnic minorities include:

• She Ethnic Group: The She ethnic group is one of the main ethnic minorities in Jinhua City, primarily distributed in some mountainous areas of the city. The She people have unique culture and traditions, such as their clothing, songs and dances, and festivals.
• Hui Ethnic Group: The Hui ethnic group also has a certain distribution in Jinhua City, mainly residing in some towns and urban areas. The Hui people have unique religious beliefs and cultural customs, such as Islam and Hui dietary culture.
• Miao Ethnic Group: The Miao ethnic group has a smaller distribution in Jinhua City, but there is still a certain Miao population. The Miao people have rich cultural traditions, such as their clothing, songs and dances, and festivals.

9.1.4. Ethnic Policies

The Jinhua Municipal Government attaches great importance to ethnic unity, actively implements national ethnic policies, and safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups. Through various measures, the Jinhua Municipal Government promotes exchanges and cooperation among different ethnic groups and fosters their common prosperity and development.

9.1.5. Ethnic Culture

The ethnic culture in Jinhua City is rich and diverse, and the cultures of all ethnic groups are fully respected and protected. The Jinhua Municipal Government organizes various ethnic cultural activities, such as ethnic festival celebrations and ethnic cultural exhibitions, to showcase and pass on the excellent cultural traditions of all ethnic groups.

10. Religion

10.1 Overview

Jinhua City, located in the central part of Zhejiang Province, is a city with a long history and profound cultural heritage. The religious culture in Jinhua is diverse, primarily including Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, and Islam. Each religion has a certain base of followers and venues for activities in Jinhua, forming a unique religious and cultural landscape.

10.2 Buddhism

Buddhism has a long history and widespread influence in Jinhua City. There are several famous Buddhist temples in Jinhua, such as:

• Jinhua Shuanglong Cave: Located in Beishan, Jinhua, it is one of the famous Buddhist sacred sites in Jinhua.
• Jinhua Dafo Temple: Located in the urban area of Jinhua, it is one of the largest Buddhist temples in the city.

10.3 Taoism

Taoism also holds a certain influence in Jinhua City, with several Taoist temples present, such as:

• Jinhua Huang Daxian Ancestral Palace: Located in Jindong District, Jinhua, it is a famous Taoist sacred site in the city, dedicated to Huang Daxian.

10.4 Christianity

The spread of Christianity in Jinhua City occurred relatively late, but it has developed rapidly in recent years. There are several Christian churches in Jinhua, such as:

• Jinhua Christian Church: Located in the urban area of Jinhua, it is one of the main venues for Christian activities in the city.

10.5 Islam

Islam has a relatively smaller number of followers in Jinhua City, but there are still venues for religious activities. There is one mosque in Jinhua, such as:

• Jinhua Mosque: Located in the urban area of Jinhua, it is the main religious venue for Muslims in the city.

10.6 Religious Activities

Religious activities in Jinhua City are rich and diverse. Various religious groups regularly hold ceremonies and events, such as Buddhist Dharma assemblies, Taoist rituals, Christian worship services, and Islamic prayers. These activities not only meet the religious needs of followers but also enrich the cultural life of Jinhua City.

10.7 Religious Policies

The Jinhua municipal government respects and protects the freedom of religious belief, manages religious affairs in accordance with the law, and supports religious groups in carrying out activities legally. At the same time, the Jinhua municipal government actively guides religions to adapt to socialist society, promoting religious harmony and social stability.

The religious culture in Jinhua City is diverse and coexists harmoniously, with each religion having a certain base of followers and venues for activities. The Jinhua municipal government respects and protects the freedom of religious belief, manages religious affairs in accordance with the law, and promotes religious harmony and social stability.

11. Culture

11.1 Intangible Culture

As of 2024, Jinhua City has 1 national 5A-level tourist attraction, 1 national 4A-level tourist attraction; 5 provincial-level tourist resorts; 1 national-level leisure tourism street and 6 national key villages and towns for rural tourism.

11.2 Natural Scenery

Shuanglong Scenic Area (Shuanglong Cave, Huangdaxian Palace), Fangyan Scenic Area, and Xianhua Mountain Scenic Area are national key scenic spots.

11.3 Historical Culture

In 2023, Wuzhou Ancient City was selected as a national-level leisure tourism street.

11.4 National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Shi Wang Residence Dongyang Lu Residence Main Hall of Tianning Temple Yanfu Temple Residential Houses in Zhuge and Changle Villages Tiedian Kiln Site Guyue Bridge Huangshan Bamian Hall Ancient Architectural Complex of Yuyuan Village Ancient Architectural Complex of Zhengyi Gate Shangshan Site Dongyang Tumulus Tombs Yushan Ancient Tea Garden Juxi Kong Family Temple Sutra Pillar of Falong Temple Architectural Complex of Zhiyan Village Tomb of Lü Zuqian and His Family Longde Temple Pagoda Qijia Hall Xijiang Ancestral Hall Vernacular Architecture of Siping Village Shide Hall Shangzu Ancestral Hall Jiqing Hall Yuqing Hall Mashangqiao Flower Hall

11.5 Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Units

Bayong Tower Tangxi City God Temple Jinhua Prefecture City God Temple Lutian Academy Dongcun Bridge Teng Family Ancestral Hall Hanzao Kiln Site Baisha Weir Shinantang Xu Family Ancestral Hall Yongkang Examination Lodge Jinhua Tongji Bridge Hongji Bridge Wharf Fang Meisheng Former Residence Beishan Cliff Inscriptions Shao Piaoping Former Residence Site of the Taiwan Volunteer Corps Yan Family Ancestral Hall Ai Qing Former Residence Former Residence of Shi Fuliang and Shi Guangnan Vernacular Architecture of Suoyuan Village Putang Wang Family Ancestral Hall Fucun Fu Family Ancestral Hall Site of Zhejiang Provincial Experimental Agricultural School Shuanglong Cave Shuanglong Cave Chisong Huangdaxian Palace Chisong Huangdaxian Palace Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Shi Wang Residence Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Shi Wang Residence Main Hall of Tianning Temple Main Hall of Tianning Temple Sutra Pillar of Falong Temple Sutra Pillar of Falong Temple Baoning Gate of Guzi City Baoning Gate of Guzi City Baisha Weir in Langya Town Baisha Weir in Langya Town Tongji Bridge Tongji Bridge

12. Sister Cities

12.1 International

Japan Tochigi City January 1994 South Africa Buffalo City (formerly King Williams Town) April 1999 Austria Hollabrunn September 2000 Australia Gosford, New South Wales October 2000 Germany Düren October 2002 Finland Kouvola April 2004 United States Alcatraz County, Indiana July 2010 Ukraine Poltava March 2012 Canada Pickering, Ontario October 2012 France Châteauroux June 2019 Denmark Copenhagen

12.2 Domestic

People's Republic of China Minhang District, Shanghai People's Republic of China Dingxi City, Gansu Province People's Republic of China Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province People's Republic of China Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province People's Republic of China Anshun City, Guizhou Province People's Republic of China Binzhou City, Shandong Province People's Republic of China Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Republic of China Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Republic of China Qujing City, Yunnan Province People's Republic of China Haikou City, Hainan Province People's Republic of China Xuhui District, Shanghai

nix

nix

nix

nix

Wucheng District

Wucheng District

nix

Camphor tree

Camellia