Wuzhou (梧州)

1. Introduction

Wuzhou City (traditional foreign spelling: Ng Chow, postal romanization: Wuchow), abbreviated as Wu, historically known as Cangwu, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, located in eastern Guangxi. The city borders Hezhou City and Guilin City to the north, Laibin City, Guigang City, and Yulin City to the west, Maoming City of Guangdong Province to the south, and Zhaoqing City and Yunfu City of Guangdong Province to the east. The Municipal People's Government is located at No. 1 Xinxing 3rd Road, Changzhou District.

Wuzhou is situated in the hilly region of southeastern Guangxi, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through the urban area of Wuzhou City. The terrain is higher in the north and south and lower in the central part, primarily consisting of low mountains and hills. The eastern part features the Yunkaidashan Mountains, the northern part has the Daguishan Mountains, and the western part includes the Darongshan Mountains. The Xun River flows from west to east across the central part of the city, converging with its tributary, the Gui River, in the urban area. With a total area of 12,572 square kilometers, Wuzhou is adjacent to Guangdong and holds a strategic position along the Xijiang waterway, earning it the title of Guangxi's "Eastern Gateway." It is recognized as an outstanding tourist city, a national garden city, and a national forest city in China.

nix

2. Historical Development

In the fifth year of Empress Lü of the Han Dynasty (183 BC), the Nanyue Kingdom established the Cangwu Royal City. The place name "Cangwu" can be traced back to the era of Emperor Shun. As recorded in the Strategies of the Warring States: Strategies of Chu: "To the south of Chu lie Dongting and Cangwu." In the sixth year of the Yuanding era (111 BC), Cangwu Commandery was established. It administered ten counties: Guangxin, Mengling, Xiemo, Gaoyao, Duanxi, Linhe, Fengcheng, Fuchuan, Fengyang, and Lipu. In the fifth year of the Yuanfeng era (106 BC), the Jiaozhi Inspectorate, which governed the nine commanderies of Lingnan, was established in Guangxin County, the seat of Cangwu Commandery, making it the capital and the political, economic, and cultural center of Lingnan. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it was temporarily moved to Longbian in Jiaozhi. After 209 AD, Emperor Xian of Han established Jiaozhou and moved the offices of the Governor and Inspector of Jiaozhou back to Guangxin in Cangwu Commandery. Ancient Guangxin served twice as the capital of Lingnan because it was located at a crucial transportation hub, where north-south routes intersected with routes connecting China to foreign lands. Later, the area west of Guangxin became known as Guangxi, and the area east of it became known as Guangdong, giving rise to the names of the two regions. In the fourth year of the Wude era of the Tang Dynasty (621 AD), it was first named Wuzhou.

In the sixth year of the Chenghua era of the Ming Dynasty (1470 AD), Emperor Xianzong established the "Three Governor Offices" in Wuzhou: the Viceroy, the Regional Commander, and the Regional Defense Commander, creating the first Viceroy's Office in Chinese history, which governed both Guangxi and Guangdong. Wuzhou became the political and military center of the two regions. Wuzhou temporarily served as the political center of Lingnan at various times. In the forty-third year of the Jiajing era (1564 AD), Wu Guifang, the Viceroy of Liangguang, petitioned to move the Viceroy's Office to Zhaoqing. In the first year of the Shunzhi era of the Qing Dynasty (1644 AD), the Viceroy of Guangdong was established, stationed in Guangzhou and also governing Guangxi. In the twelfth year of the Shunzhi era (1655 AD), the Viceroy's Office was moved back to Wuzhou. In the third year of the Kangxi era (1664 AD), the Viceroy of Guangxi was abolished, and Guangxi's affairs were again placed under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of Guangdong, who moved his seat to Zhaoqing. In the eleventh year of the Qianlong era (1746 AD), the Viceroy of Liangguang moved to Guangzhou.

In the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921 AD), it was first named Wuzhou City. The Wuzhou City Government was established in 1927. In 1949, Wuzhou Prefecture was established under Guangxi Province, with the Commissioner's Office located in Wuzhou City. It governed Wuzhou City and six counties: Cangwu, Guiping, Tengxian, Cenxi, Pingnan, and Rongxian. In 1950, Wuzhou City was elevated to a province-administered city. In 1951, Wuzhou Prefecture was abolished, and its six counties were transferred to Rongxian Prefecture. In 1958, Wuzhou Prefecture was restored, and Wuzhou City was downgraded and incorporated into it. It governed Wuzhou City and counties including Cangwu, Tengxian, Cenxi, Mengshan, Zhaoping, Hexian, and Fuzhong. In 1961, Wuzhou City was elevated to a prefecture-level city. In 1962, Fuzhong County was divided into Fuchuan and Zhongshan counties. In 1971, Wuzhou Prefecture was renamed Wuzhou Region. In 1997, Wuzhou Region was reorganized into Hezhou Region, governing Hezhou City (county-level) and Zhongshan, Zhaoping, Hexian, and Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County. The Administrative Office was located in Hezhou City. In 2002, it was abolished and reestablished as the prefecture-level Hezhou City; the former county-level Hezhou City was reorganized into Babu District.

In February 2003, the administrative divisions of Wuzhou City were adjusted: the suburban district was abolished, and Changzhou District was established. In 2013, Dieshan District and Wanxiu District of Wuzhou City were abolished, and a new Wanxiu District was established, comprising the former administrative areas of Dieshan District and Wanxiu District (excluding Wangfu Town); Longxu District was established, comprising the administrative areas of Longxu Town, Xindi Town, Guangping Town, and Dapo Town from Cangwu County; Wangfu Town, originally under Wanxiu District, was placed under the jurisdiction of Cangwu County, and the county seat of Cangwu County was moved to Shiqiao Town. After the adjustment, the administrative divisions of Wuzhou City are Wanxiu District, Changzhou District, Longxu District, Cangwu County, Tengxian, Mengshan County, and it administers Cenxi City on behalf of the higher-level government.

3. Geography

3.1 Adjacent Areas

It borders Zhaoqing City and Yunfu City of Guangdong Province to the east, Yulin City to the south, Guigang City and Laibin City to the west, and Hezhou City and Guilin City to the north.

3.2 Topography

Wuzhou is located at the confluence where the Gui River flows into the Xun River, after which the two rivers merge to form the West River. Wuzhou collects over 85% of Guangxi's water flow.

3.3 Climate

Wuzhou is warm and rainy, with an annual average temperature above 20°C. The city has a unique geographical location. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the urban area, giving it a subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 21.1°C, with the coldest month (January) averaging 11.9°C and the hottest month (July) averaging 28.9°C. The average annual rainfall is 1503.6 mm, the average annual sunshine duration is 1915 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 43.7%.

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:| | Record high °C (°F) | 29.4(84.9) | 32.8(91.0) | 34.3(93.7) | 35.8(96.4) | 36.8(98.2) | 37.7(99.9) | 39.7(103.5) | 39.1(102.4) | 38.6(101.5) | 36.4(97.5) | 33.4(92.1) | 29.5(85.1) | 39.7(103.5) | | Average high °C (°F) | 17.2(63.0) | 18.0(64.4) | 21.1(70.0) | 26.0(78.8) | 30.1(86.2) | 32.2(90.0) | 33.6(92.5) | 33.7(92.7) | 32.0(89.6) | 29.0(84.2) | 24.3(75.7) | 19.7(67.5) | 26.4(79.6) | | Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.2(54.0) | 13.7(56.7) | 16.7(62.1) | 21.5(70.7) | 25.0(77.0) | 27.2(81.0) | 28.2(82.8) | 28.1(82.6) | 26.6(79.9) | 23.4(74.1) | 18.4(65.1) | 13.9(57.0) | 21.2(70.3) | | Average low °C (°F) | 8.7(47.7) | 10.6(51.1) | 13.6(56.5) | 18.4(65.1) | 21.6(70.9) | 23.9(75.0) | 24.7(76.5) | 24.5(76.1) | 22.9(73.2) | 19.3(66.7) | 14.2(57.6) | 9.7(49.5) | 17.7(63.8) | | Record low °C (°F) | -0.2(31.6) | 0.5(32.9) | 1.7(35.1) | 7.1(44.8) | 13.0(55.4) | 17.1(62.8) | 20.3(68.5) | 20.7(69.3) | 14.8(58.6) | 8.9(48.0) | 2.8(37.0) | -1.5(29.3) | -1.5(29.3) | | Average precipitation mm (inches) | 56.5(2.22) | 75.3(2.96) | 90.2(3.55) | 173.5(6.83) | 249.8(9.83) | 243.7(9.59) | 186.8(7.35) | 156.2(6.15) | 101.9(4.01) | 47.3(1.86) | 41.6(1.64) | 30.2(1.19) | 1,452.9(57.18) | | Average rainy days (≥0.1 mm) | 10.3 | 13.1 | 15.0 | 17.7 | 19.7 | 18.2 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 10.8 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 156.8 | | Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 80 | 82 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 81 | 81 | 78 | 73 | 72 | 70 | 79 | | Mean monthly sunshine hours | 95.0 | 62.2 | 62.2 | 79.5 | 134.9 | 167.4 | 226.9 | 209.2 | 192.9 | 187.9 | 169.3 | 150.8 | 1,738.2 | | Percentage of possible sunshine | 28 | 20 | 17 | 21 | 33 | 41 | 55 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 46 | 39 |

Source: | China Meteorological Administration (average precipitation days and sunshine data from 1971-2000)

4. Administrative Divisions

Wuzhou City administers 3 municipal districts, 3 counties, and manages 1 county-level city on behalf of the higher-level government.

• Municipal Districts: Wanxiu District, Changzhou District, Longxu District
• County-level City: Cenxi City
• Counties: Cangwu County, Teng County, Mengshan County

| Division Code | Division Name | Chinese Pinyin / Zhuang Script (Official Transcription) | Area (sq km) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Ethnic Townships | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 450400 | Wuzhou City | Wúzhōu Shì Vuzcouh sj | 12,572.44 | 2,820,977 | Changzhou District | 543000 | 8 | 53 | 5 | 2 | | 450403 | Wanxiu District | Wànxiù Qū Vansiu Gih | 448.63 | 271,989 | Chengdong Subdistrict | 543000 | 5 | 3 | | | | 450405 | Changzhou District | Chángzhōu Qū Cangzcouh Gih | 372.56 | 299,344 | Datang Subdistrict | 543000 | 3 | 2 | | | | 450406 | Longxu District | Lóngxū Qū Lungzhih Gih | 971.41 | 288,482 | Longxu Town | 543100 | | 4 | | | | 450421 | Cangwu County | Cāngwú Xiàn Canghvuz Yen | 2,781.72 | 276,766 | Shiqiao Town | 543100 | | 9 | | | | 450422 | Teng County | Téng Xiàn Dwngz Yen | 3,946.19 | 795,612 | Tengzhou Town | 543300 | | 15 | 2 | | | 450423 | Mengshan County | Méngshān Xiàn Mungzsanh Yen | 1,281.68 | 164,420 | Mengshan Town | 546700 | | 6 | 3 | 2 | | 450481 | Cenxi City | Cénxī Shì Cinzhih Si | 2,770.25 | 724,364 | Cencheng Town | 543200 | | 14 | | |

5. Economy

5.1 Economic Growth and Industrial Structure:

Wuzhou City's regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 149.077 billion yuan in 2023, representing a year-on-year increase of 4.8% and accounting for 5.48% of Guangxi's total GDP. In terms of industrial structure, the added value of the primary industry was 22.120 billion yuan, the secondary industry was 60.130 billion yuan, and the tertiary industry was 66.827 billion yuan, accounting for 14.9%, 40.3%, and 22.6% of GDP respectively. This indicates that the secondary industry remains the main pillar of Wuzhou's economy, but the proportion of the tertiary industry is increasing year by year, demonstrating the rapid development of the service sector.

5.2 Per Capita GDP and Resident Income:

In 2023, Wuzhou City's per capita GDP was 52,642 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%, which is below the national average. Nevertheless, the income level of Wuzhou residents has improved, with the per capita disposable income of urban residents reaching 30,070 yuan and that of rural residents reaching 18,408 yuan.

5.3 Industrial Development and Investment:

As a major industrial hub in Guangxi, Wuzhou City possesses a solid industrial foundation and a well-developed industrial park layout. In recent years, Wuzhou has vigorously developed high-tech industries, focusing on advancing project construction in sectors such as pharmaceuticals and food, electronic information, and the forestry products industry. Furthermore, Wuzhou actively undertakes industrial transfers from eastern regions, particularly labor-intensive and resource-intensive industries.

5.4 Transportation and Geographical Advantages:

Located in eastern Guangxi, Wuzhou City serves as a crucial bridgehead on the economic corridor connecting Guangxi with Southeast Asian countries and regions. Its well-developed inland waterway transport and lower logistics costs give Wuzhou a distinct advantage in riverside and port-oriented industries such as mineral construction materials and metal ores. Simultaneously, Wuzhou is also an important gateway for Guangxi to access the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

6. Transportation

6.1 Railway

6.1.1 Accessible Railways

• Luozhan Railway (Luoyang – Zhanjiang)
• Nanguang Railway (Nanning – Guangzhou)
• Liuguang Railway (Liuzhou – Guangzhou) (Under Planning)

6.1.2 Railway Stations

• Wuzhou Station
• Wuzhou South Station

6.2 Expressways

• G2518 Shencen Expressway
• G65 Baomao Expressway
• G6511 Anqing Expressway
• G80 Guangkun Expressway
• S8 Guangfozhao Expressway Wuzhou Link
• S4001 Wuzhou Ring Expressway
• Hubei Expressway (Under Construction)
• Wuxin Expressway (Under Planning)

6.3 National Highways

• National Highway 207
• National Highway 321
• National Highway 358 passes through

6.4 Aviation

Wuzhou's air transport developed early. In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), Wuzhou Gaowang Airport was built. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), a route from Guangzhou via Wuzhou to Nanning was opened, operating on an irregular schedule. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), routes were opened from Wuzhou to Longzhou, Guilin, Hong Kong, Chongqing, Kunming, and Hanoi, Vietnam. In the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), flights were suspended due to the Japanese invasion. In the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the Wuzhou to Hong Kong route was resumed but suspended again on the eve of liberation.

In 1958, the Guangzhou Branch of the Civil Aviation Administration resumed the Wuzhou to Nanning route, which was suspended again in 1962. In 1994, Wuzhou Changzhou Island Airport was built on Changzhou Island in the southwest of Wuzhou City, with an investment of over 150 million yuan and a terminal building area of more than 3,600 square meters. It commenced operations in April 1995, capable of handling Boeing 737 aircraft, with routes to Nanning, Chongqing, and others.

Due to the existing airport's proximity to the urban area, poor airspace conditions, and its impact on the city's future development, the Wuzhou Municipal Government decided to relocate Changzhou Island Airport. The new airport site was chosen in Xijiang Village, Tangbu Town, Teng County, and named Wuzhou Xijiang Airport.

Wuzhou Xijiang Airport (IATA: WUZ, ICAO: ZGWZ) is located in Tangbu Town, Teng County, Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 20 kilometers from downtown Wuzhou. It is a domestic 4C-level regional airport. In 2010, the Wuzhou Municipal Committee and Government officially launched the Wuzhou Xijiang Airport construction project. On January 23, 2019, the airport officially commenced operations, and the original Wuzhou Changzhou Island Airport was officially closed, with all operations relocated to Wuzhou Xijiang Airport. Wuzhou Xijiang Airport has a runway 2,600 meters long and 45 meters wide; the terminal building covers an area of 8,000 square meters, and the apron has 5 aircraft stands. It is designed to meet the demand for an annual passenger throughput of 750,000人次, cargo and mail throughput of 6,000 tons, and aircraft movements of 8,800架次 by 2025. In 2019, Wuzhou Xijiang Airport handled a total passenger throughput of 226,410人次, ranking 184th nationwide; cargo and mail throughput of 1.1 tons, ranking 222nd nationwide; and aircraft movements of 82,793架次, ranking 48th nationwide.

6.5 Water Transport

Wuzhou has well-developed water transport. Since its opening as a port in 1897, it has gradually become a freight center for Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, and Guangdong. Wuzhou Port is the second largest inland river port in South China (second only to Guangzhou Huangpu Port). In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), among the top ten commercial ports in the country, Wuzhou Port ranked ninth in import value and seventh in export value. After liberation, Wuzhou Port continued to expand. The completion of Lijiazhuang Wharf significantly enhanced the port's cargo handling capacity. After the completion of the new Wuzhou Port, with the gradual deepening of the "Xijiang Golden Waterway," the entire autonomous region has become a hub belt with Nanning, Guigang, and Wuzhou as the main water transport cities.

6.6 Road Transport

Wuzhou's passenger transport was also highly developed in the 1980s and 1990s, with services reaching Nanning, Guilin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong.

7. Education

7.1 Higher Education Institutions

Public Undergraduate University: Wuzhou University Public Vocational College: Wuzhou Vocational College

7.2 Key High Schools

Wuzhou High School (Guangxi Model High School) Wuzhou No.1 High School (Guangxi Model High School) Wuzhou No.2 High School Wuzhou No.3 High School Wuzhou No.4 High School Wuzhou No.5 High School Wuzhou No.6 High School Wuzhou No.7 High School Wuzhou No.8 High School Wuzhou No.10 High School Wuzhou No.11 High School Wuzhou No.12 High School Wuzhou No.14 High School Wuzhou No.15 High School Wuzhou Canghai Senior High School

8. Population

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's resident population was 2,820,977. Compared with the 2,882,200 people from the Sixth National Population Census, the total population decreased by 61,223 over the past ten years, a decline of 2.12%, with an average annual growth rate of -0.21%. Among them, the male population was 1,456,638, accounting for 51.64% of the total population; the female population was 1,364,339, accounting for 48.36% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (with females as 100) was 106.77. The population aged 0–14 was 748,749, accounting for 26.54% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 was 1,601,777, accounting for 56.78% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 470,451, accounting for 16.68% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 347,364, accounting for 12.31% of the total population. The urban population was 1,595,326, accounting for 56.55% of the total population; the rural population was 1,225,651, accounting for 43.45% of the total population.

8.1 Ethnic Groups

Among the city's resident population, the Han ethnic group population was 2,743,372, accounting for 97.76%; the total population of various ethnic minorities was 77,605, accounting for 2.75%. Compared with the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the Han population decreased by 74,204, a decline of 2.63%, and its proportion of the total population decreased by 0.51 percentage points; the total population of ethnic minorities increased by 12,981, a growth of 20.09%, and its proportion of the total population increased by 0.51 percentage points. Among them, the Zhuang population increased by 10,494, a growth of 38.44%, and its proportion of the total population increased by 0.39 percentage points; the Yao population increased by 957, a growth of 3.06%, and its proportion of the total population increased by 0.06 percentage points.

| Ethnic Group | Han | Zhuang | Yao | Dong | Miao | Bouyei | Tujia | Mulao | Hui | Yi | Other Ethnic Groups | |--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| | Population | 2,743,372 | 37,792 | 32,194 | 2,411 | 1,983 | 590 | 468 | 426 | 261 | 236 | 1,244 | | Percentage of Total Population (%) | 97.25 | 1.34 | 1.14 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | | Percentage of Ethnic Minority Population (%) | — | 48.70 | 41.48 | 3.11 | 2.56 | 0.76 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 1.60 |

nix

9. Culture

9.1 Language

The primary language in Wuzhou is Cantonese, commonly known as "Baihua" (vernacular speech). Some research suggests that Wuzhou is the birthplace of Cantonese. The Wuzhou dialect is largely identical to the Guangzhou dialect, allowing direct communication with people from Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau. The population is predominantly Han Chinese. With the opening of Wuzhou South Railway Station, Wuzhou Jinhui Passenger Transport Company's bus services to the station were the first to provide bilingual announcements in Cantonese and Mandarin. Starting July 1, 2014, some buses on routes 48, 49, and 50 operated by Wuzhou Zhenbao Bus Company, which travel between the city center and Wuzhou South Railway Station and use announcement systems, added Cantonese announcements, achieving bilingual Mandarin/Cantonese announcements. Since 2017, the vast majority of buses have been equipped with bilingual Cantonese-Mandarin announcements, with Mandarin as the primary language.

9.2 Lingnan Culture

Located south of the Five Ranges, Wuzhou possesses typical Lingnan culture, and Cantonese is universally spoken throughout the city. Furthermore, as a border city where Guangxi meets Guangdong, Wuzhou has long been influenced by Guangzhou culture. In 1897, the unequal treaty "Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting an Extension of Hong Kong Territory" opened Wuzhou as a treaty port [20], and it gradually became one of the nation's windows to the outside world. Cantonese merchants were active here, earning it the nickname "Little Hong Kong."

9.3 Local Characteristics

9.3.1 Natural Resources

François' langur, snakes, tropical fruits.

9.3.2 National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

• Former Residence of Li Jishen
• Site of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's Yong'an Activities
• Wuzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall
• Zhonghe Kiln Site
• Wuzhou Modern Architectural Complex

9.3.3 Tourism

• Sun Yat-sen Park: The park contains a Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall built before 1930.
• Baiyun Mountain Park: Sien Temple is located halfway up the mountain.
• Xizhu Garden
• Baihe Taoist Temple
• Zhushan Park
• Bangshan Park
• Shiwo Mountain Park
• Taihe Park
• Shengwen Garden
• Longmu Grand Temple
• Wuzhou's Arcade Buildings (Qilou)
• Yunsheng Pagoda: Locally known as the "Wenbi Pagoda" (Literary Brush Pagoda).
• Snake Warehouse/Snake Garden: Once the largest snake warehouse in Southeast Asia, housing various live snakes and their products (now relocated).

9.3.4 Local Specialties

• Bingquan Soy Milk, Wuzhou Tofu Residue, Liubao Tea, Honey Jujubes, Chinese Medicinal Herbs, Snake Soup and Snake Wine, Gufeng Lychee.
• Wuzhou Guilinggao (Turtle Jelly), Wuzhou Sausage: Products with China Geographical Indication.

9.3.5 Local Snacks

Zhushang Noodles (Bamboo Pole Noodles), Stir-fried Rice Noodles (Chao Hefen), Beef Brisket Noodles, Braised Pork Belly Noodles (Kou Rou Fen), Buddha's Delight (Luohan Zhai), Beef Offal, River Snails, Special Desserts, Paper-wrapped Chicken, Tzaichai Congee (Boat Congee).

10. Sister Cities

As of October 2016, Wuzhou City has officially established sister city relationships with 4 cities and has signed memorandums of understanding to establish sister city relationships with 3 other cities. | City | Country | Date Established | |:--:|:--:|:--:| | Chanthaburi Province | Thailand | November 4, 2004 | | Parañaque City | Philippines | October 2008 (Agreement Signed) | | Båtsfjord Municipality | Sweden | October 2016 (Agreement Signed) | | Siheung City | South Korea | 2007 (MOU Signed) | | Moree | Australia | July 2012 (MOU Signed) | | Thousand Islands–St. Lawrence | Canada | November 2014 (MOU Signed) |

nix

nix

nix

Named after the ancient Cangwu Commandery

Changzhou District

Teng County

Among the city's permanent population, the Han ethnic group comprises 2,743,372 people, accounting for 97.76%; while various ethnic minorities total 77,605 people, making up 2.75%.

nix

Bougainvillea