Mianyang (绵阳)

1. Introduction

Mianyang City, abbreviated as Fu or Mian, historically known as Fu County and Mianzhou, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. Located in the northern part of Sichuan Province, it is the second-largest city in the province. The city borders Guangyuan City and Nanchong City to the east, Suining City and Deyang City to the south, the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Longnan City of Gansu Province to the north. Situated on the northwestern edge of the Sichuan Basin, its southeastern part lies in the low mountainous and hilly region of northern Sichuan, while the northwestern part is dominated by the Longmen Mountains and Minshan Mountains. The Fujiang River enters from the northwest, traverses the entire city, flows through the urban area, and exits in the southeast. The city covers a total area of 20,257 square kilometers, with a population of 4.7719 million. The Municipal People's Government is located in Fucheng District.

Since the establishment of Fu County during the Western Han Dynasty, Mianyang has historically served as the seat of commanderies, counties, prefectures, and administrative offices. It is a central city in the northwestern part of Sichuan Province and the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, as well as an important national defense research and electronic industrial production base in China. It is the only "Science and Technology City" approved for construction by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Mianyang is among China's first pilot cities for the "integration of three networks" and one of the first pilot regions for "promoting the integration of technology and finance." It holds honorary titles such as National Civilized City, National Garden City, and National Hygienic City, and has received the United Nations Best Practices Award for Improving the Living Environment (Dubai Award).

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2. History

2.1 Ancient Times

Mianyang is one of the earliest areas of human activity in the Sichuan Basin. Artifacts such as stone tools and pottery from the Neolithic period, dating back 4,500 years, have been unearthed at the Biandui Mountain site.

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (201 BC), Emperor Gaozu established Fu County within the area of present-day Mianyang city. It was named for its proximity to the Fu River (now the Fujiang River) and was part of Guanghan Commandery. In the first year of the Shiyuan era of the Western Han Dynasty (8 AD), Wang Mang usurped the Han throne and established the Xin Dynasty. In the first year of the Xin Dynasty's Shijianguo era (9 AD), he renamed Fu County to Tongmu. In the 22nd year of the Jian'an era during the reign of Emperor Xian (217 AD), Liu Bei separated the northern part of Guanghan Commandery to establish Zitong Commandery, and Fu County became part of Zitong Commandery.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Mianyang was a crucial strategic location for the Shu Han state, witnessing its rise and fall. In 211 AD, Liu Bei led a large army from Jingzhou into Sichuan. Liu Zhang, the Governor of Yi Province, welcomed him at Fule Mountain in Fu County. Subsequently, Liu Bei's forces "attacked Fu City by water and stationed troops at five layers," capturing Yi Province and establishing the Shu Han regime. In 246 AD, Jiang Wan, the Grand Marshal of Shu Han, died of illness in Fu County and was buried at West Mountain. With his death, Shu Han lost its last capable minister of state. After Deng Ai secretly crossed the Yinping Pass and captured Jiangyou Pass, Shu Han's defenses were breached. When Zhuge Zhan (the adopted son of Zhuge Liang), the Imperial Son-in-Law, died fighting alongside his son in Mianyang for the state, the Shu Han regime, with no more defensible positions, was doomed to fall.

Over the more than three hundred years from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Mianyang successively came under the rule of ten dynasties and states: Western Jin, Cheng Han, Eastern Jin, Former Qin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Northern Wei, Western Wei, and Northern Zhou. Within its current territory, three provinces (Tongzhou, Xinzhou, Longzhou), thirteen commanderies (Zitong, Baxi, Baxi Zitong, Tongchuan, Beiyinping, Yinping, Xinba, Jiangyou, Xincheng, Shiping, Xidangqu, Beidangqu, Gaoqu), and over forty counties were established at various times. In the second year of the reign of Emperor Fei of Western Wei (553 AD), Sichuan came under Northern Dynasties control, belonging to the Western Wei regime. The Wei renamed Fu County to Bazhong County, which was part of Baxi Commandery.

In the fifth year of the Kaihuang era of the Sui Dynasty (585 AD), Baxi Commandery was changed to Mianzhou (the original Baxi Commandery was moved back to Langzhong, and Fu County was renamed Baxi County). It governed seven counties and was named for the Mian River (now the Mianyuan River). Through the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the names of administrative divisions changed several times, and their establishments experienced periods of creation, abolition, division, and merger, but the overall trend gradually stabilized. Based on differences in economic development and military importance, three administrative centers gradually formed within the area: Mianzhou, with its seat in present-day Mianyang city center, in the central region; Zizhou (later Tongchuan Prefecture), with its seat in present-day Santai, in the southeast; and Longzhou (later Long'an Prefecture), centered around present-day Jiangyou and Pingwu, in the northwest.

2.2 Modern and Contemporary Era

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Dao-County system was implemented. Mianzhou was abolished as a prefecture and became a county, named Mianyang because the county seat was located south of Mian Mountain.

In April of the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), Wang Jingcheng, a member of the Tongmenghui and a company commander in the Sixth Mixed Brigade of the Sichuan Army, announced an uprising and captured Tongchuan (Santai), marking the beginning of the National Protection War against Yuan Shikai's attempt to restore the monarchy in Santai.

In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the War of Resistance against Japan broke out. Various industrial and mining enterprises, institutions of higher education, and cultural groups from China's coastal and riverine areas moved inland to Sichuan. In March of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Northeastern University relocated to Santai. In February of the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), secondary schools from the occupied Shandong province, after a long journey inland, arrived in Mianyang and established the National Sixth Middle School. Although Mianyang was located in the southwestern rear area far from the front lines during the War of Resistance, it suffered multiple bombings by Japanese aircraft. At the same time, over a hundred thousand Sichuan Army soldiers from Mianyang went to the front lines to participate in the war.

On December 21, 1949, the 180th Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered and stationed in Mianyang. On the 25th, the Mianyang City Military Control Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established. On the 26th, the CPC Sichuan Northwest Provisional Military and Administrative Committee decided to establish the CPC Mianyang Prefectural Committee. On January 1, 1950, the Mianyang City Military Control Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army held a mass meeting at the People's Park square, announcing the liberation of Mianyang.

Starting in 1965, in accordance with the strategic deployment of the "Third Front Construction" by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Mianyang region was designated as one of the important bases for the Third Front Construction. A large number of national-level key scientific research institutions were successively established, including the China Academy of Engineering Physics, the China Gas Turbine Establishment, the Southwest Applied Magnetics Research Institute, the Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, and the Southwest Automation Research Institute.

In February 1985, with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the prefecture-level city of Mianyang was established.

In July 2001, the State Council of the People's Republic of China officially approved the construction of the Mianyang Science and Technology City.

From November 11 to 21, 2005, the 13th World (Amateur) Boxing Championships were held in Mianyang.

3. Geography

3.1 Location

Mianyang is situated in the northwest of the Sichuan Basin, in the middle and upper reaches of the Fujiang River. Its geographical coordinates lie between 103°45′–105°43′ east longitude and 30°42′–33°03′ north latitude. The city covers a total area of 20,249 square kilometers. It borders Qingchuan County and Jiange County of Guangyuan City to the east; Nanbu County and Xichong County of Nanchong City to the southeast; Shehong County and Daying County of Suining City to the south; Luojiang County, Zhongjiang County, and Mianzhu City of Deyang City to the west; and to the northwest, it adjoins the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Wen County of Longnan City, Gansu Province. It is located 93 kilometers from Chengdu, the provincial capital of Sichuan.

3.2 Topography

Mianyang City is located in the transitional zone from the front edge of the Longmen Mountains to the Sichuan Basin. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with a central valley alluvial plain. Mountains account for 61% of the area, hills for 20.4%, and plains/flatlands for 18.6%, with the latter mostly distributed along riverbanks.

3.3 Climate

Mianyang City has a warm and humid subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature ranges from 14.7°C to 17.3°C, with Pingwu County recording the lowest. The annual average relative humidity is 71%. Precipitation is abundant, with a distribution pattern of less in the north and south, more in the center; less in the east, more in the west. Wind speeds are generally low. Strong winds typically occur only during large-scale cold air invasions from the north in winter and spring, or during thunderstorm weather in summer, with prevailing winds from the northeast to north. The annual average number of foggy days ranges from 3.3 to 61.0 days.[7]

Meteorological Data for Mianyang City (1971–2000)

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |--------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------| | Record high °C (°F)| 19.0 (66.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.9 (91.2) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.8 (96.4) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.2 (99.0) | 36.6 (97.9) | 29.1 (84.4) | 25.0 (77.0) | 20.8 (69.4) | 37.2 (99.0) | | Average high °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.6 (52.9) | 16.1 (61.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 26.7 (80.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 10.9 (51.6) | 20.8 (69.4) | | Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | 11.4 (52.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 11.8 (53.2) | 6.7 (44.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | | Average low °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) | 4.1 (39.4) | 7.7 (45.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.4 (63.3) | 20.9 (69.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 21.9 (71.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 8.8 (47.8) | 3.6 (38.5) | 12.9 (55.1) | | Record low °C (°F)| -5.3 (22.5) | -4.3 (24.3) | -3.4 (25.9) | 0.3 (32.5) | 7.2 (45.0) | 14.2 (57.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | -2.1 (28.2) | -7.3 (18.9) | -7.3 (18.9) | | Average precipitation mm (inches)| 8.5 (0.33) | 11.7 (0.46) | 20.2 (0.80) | 46.7 (1.84) | 71.4 (2.81) | 107.0 (4.21) | 218.7 (8.61) | 192.2 (7.57) | 131.4 (5.17) | 38.7 (1.52) | 14.5 (0.57) | 4.5 (0.18) | 865.5 (34.07) | | Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm)| 5.6 | 7.0 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 13.4 | 14.3 | 15.4 | 13.1 | 14.9 | 12.7 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 127.7 |7 | | Average Relative Humidity (%)| 68 | 69 | 70 | 69 | 71 | 76 | 81 | 83 | 79 | 76 | 72 | 69 | 74 |

3.4 River Systems

Mianyang City experiences abundant precipitation and substantial runoff, featuring a dense network of rivers and well-developed water systems. Within its territory, there are over 3,000 rivers and streams of various sizes. All rivers and streams flow into the Fu River, Bailong River, and Xi River, which are tributaries of the Jialing River, thus all belonging to the Jialing River system. The urban area is primarily traversed by three rivers: the Fu River, the Anchang River, and the Furong Stream. Among these, the Fu River is the largest tributary on the right bank of the Jialing River and the most significant river in the city.

3.5 Natural Resources

Mianyang City is home to nationally protected wild plants, including first-class key protected species such as the dove tree (Davidia involucrata), Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba). Second-class key protected wild plants include water fern (Ceratopteris thalictroides) and Chinese fern (Sinopteris grevilleoides). The area also hosts nationally protected wildlife, such as first and second-class key protected species including the giant panda, golden snub-nosed monkey, takin, red panda, and Asian black bear. Major mineral resources include gold, manganese, iron, flux dolomite, bentonite, barite, glass sandstone, natural gas, cement limestone, cement raw materials, and molding sand.

4. Administrative Divisions

Mianyang City administers 3 municipal districts, 4 counties, 1 autonomous county, and has jurisdiction over 1 county-level city on behalf of the higher-level government.

• Municipal Districts: Fucheng District, Youxian District, Anzhou District
• County-level City: Jiangyou City
• Counties: Santai County, Yanting County, Zitong County, Pingwu County
• Autonomous County: Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County

In addition to the formal administrative divisions, Mianyang City has also established the following economic functional zones: National-level Mianyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Mianyang Economic Development Zone, Mianyang Industrial Park, Mianyang Science City, Xianhai Water Conservancy Scenic Area, and Mianyang Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Zone.

| Division Code | Division Name | Chinese Pinyin | Area (km²) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | of which: Ethnic Townships | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 510700 | Mianyang City | Miányáng Shì | 20,256.88 | 4,868,243 | Fucheng District | 621000 | 14 | 123 | 31 | 14 | | 510703 | Fucheng District | Fúchéng Qū | 554.47 | 1,298,524 | Chengxiang Subdistrict | 621000 | 8 | 7 | | | | 510704 | Youxian District | Yóuxiān Qū | 1,017.07 | 561,379 | Fule Subdistrict | 621000 | 4 | 10 | | | | 510705 | Anzhou District | Ānzhōu Qū | 1,181.68 | 372,962 | Hualing Town | 622600 | | 9 | 1 | | | 510722 | Santai County | Sāntái Xiàn | 2,659.66 | 955,811 | Qichuan Town | 621100 | | 31 | 2 | | | 510723 | Yanting County | Yántíng Xiàn | 1,645.77 | 370,739 | Fengling Subdistrict | 621600 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 1 | | 510725 | Zitong County | Zǐtóng Xiàn | 1,443.94 | 276,996 | Wenchang Town | 622100 | | 15 | 1 | | | 510726 | Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County | Běichuān Qiāngzú Zìzhìxiàn | 3,083.30 | 174,132 | Yongchang Town | 622700 | | 9 | 10 | 1 | | 510727 | Pingwu County | Píngwǔ Xiàn | 5,950.12 | 126,357 | Long'an Town | 622500 | | 6 | 14 | 12 | | 510781 | Jiangyou City | Jiāngyóu Shì | 2,720.86 | 731,343 | Zhongba Subdistrict | 621700 | 1 | 22 | 1 | |

5. Economy

Mianyang is a central city in the northwest region of Sichuan Province. Due to Mao Zedong's strategic response plan and the Third Front construction after 1949, as well as subsequent policy support, it has become a national defense research and electronics industrial production base in the western region. In 2017, Mianyang achieved a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 207.475 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.1%. This includes: primary industry added value of 29.166 billion yuan, up 4.0%; secondary industry added value of 83.876 billion yuan, up 9.2%; and tertiary industry added value of 94.433 billion yuan, up 10.8%.

5.1 Data

• Total GDP: 207.475 billion yuan (2017)
• Total deposits of social financial institutions: 358.852 billion yuan
• Total retail sales of consumer goods: 111.248 billion yuan
• Total fixed asset investment: 143.654 billion yuan
• Per capita disposable income of urban residents: 31,822 yuan
• Industrial added value: 83.876 billion yuan

5.2 Enterprises

• Changhong Group, Jiuzhou Electric, Hushan Electronics, and Fenggu Distillery.
• Mianyang is an important comprehensive industrial and agricultural development zone in Sichuan, serving as a significant national and provincial production base for commodity grains, pigs, cattle, sheep, bamboo forests, fruits, and flue-cured tobacco.

Mianyang hosts 2 national-level technology centers (Changhong, Jiuzhou) and 8 provincial-level technology centers (such as Shuangma, Dongcai). It is home to 50 large and medium-sized backbone enterprises and various development zones, including the National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, National Economic and Technological Development Zone, Science and Education Innovation Park & Southwest University of Science and Technology National University Science Park, and Youxian Economic Test Zone. Within the National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, facilities such as the "CAEP Military-to-Civilian Technology Innovation Park," "Mianyang Software Park," "Overseas Student Entrepreneurship Park," and "Changhong Technology Development Center" have been established.

• Domestic listed companies: Sichuan Changhong, Sichuan Shuangma, Sichuan Hushan, Western Resources, Lier Chemical, Fulin Transportation, Dongcai Technology, Renzhi Oilfield Services.

6. Transportation

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6.1 Urban Public Transportation

6.1.1 Urban Rail Transit

In 2017, the long-term vision for Mianyang Rail Transit extended to 2050, consisting of 5 lines with a total length of 126.6 kilometers.

In 2022, the Mianyang Rail Transit plan featured a "dual-core radial" network of 7 lines totaling 249 kilometers. It was intended to adopt a light rail system and had met the basic conditions for light rail application. However, due to strict national controls on urban rail transit construction, applications for initiating urban rail transit construction plans are no longer accepted, making it impossible to apply for construction.

6.2 Mountain Rail Transit

Sichuan has planned 23 mountain rail transit lines, among which the Longmen Mountain Tourist Resort Line passes through Mianyang.

6.3 Railway

6.3.1 Conventional Rail Lines

• Baoji–Chengdu Railway
  • Jiangyou Station - Mianyang Station
• Sichuan–Qinghai Railway (Under Construction)
  • Anzhou Station

6.3.2 High-Speed Rail Lines

• Xi'an–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line
  • Mianyang Station - Qinglian Station - Jiangyou Station - Jiangyou North Station
• Mianyang–Suining–Neijiang Intercity Railway (Mianyang–Suining section under construction)

6.4 Roads

National Highways

• National Highway 108, National Highway 245, National Highway 247, National Highway 347 Expressways

• G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway includes Chengdu–Mianyang Expressway and Mianyang–Guangyuan Expressway: (Guangyuan City) - Houba Interchange - Xiaoxiba Interchange - Jiangyou North Interchange - Guanshan Interchange - Dayan Interchange - Zhangjiaping Hub Interchange - Science City Interchange - Mianyang North Interchange - Mianyang Interchange - Mianyang South Interchange - Mojia Hub Interchange - (Deyang City)

• G93 Chengdu–Chongqing Ring Expressway includes Mianyang–Suining Expressway

• S1 Chengdu–Shifang–Mianyang Expressway, S2 Chengdu–Bazhong Expressway, Mianyang Ring Expressway Southern Section Under Construction or Planned

• G8513 Pingliang–Mianyang Expressway, Pingliang–Guangyuan Expressway, Mianyang–Wanyuan Expressway, Mianyang–Xichong Expressway

6.5 Long-Distance Passenger Transport

• Mianyang Central Bus Station, Pingzheng Bus Station, Fule Bus Station, Nanhu Bus Station

6.6 Aviation

• Mianyang Nanjiao Airport
• Mianyang Nanjiao Airport is a 4D-class airport located 8 kilometers south of Mianyang city.

7. Education

Mianyang has a well-developed education sector, boasting several comprehensive universities such as Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, and Tianfu College of Southwest University of Finance and Economics, as well as numerous public and private high schools including Sichuan Mianyang High School, Sichuan Mianyang Nanshan High School, Mianyang Foreign Language School, Mianyang Dongchen International School, Sichuan Science City No.1 High School, Sichuan Mianyang Experimental High School, Sichuan Puming High School, Sichuan Santai High School, and Sichuan Anxian High School. Mianyang has ranked first in the province for five consecutive years in terms of college entrance examination admission rates and for four consecutive years in terms of the number of admitted students per ten thousand population.

7.1 Higher Education

• Southwest University of Science and Technology
• Mianyang Normal University
• Mianyang Polytechnic
• Tianfu College of Southwest University of Finance and Economics
• Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
• City College, Southwest University of Science and Technology
• Sichuan University of Culture and Arts
• Engineering College of China Academy of Engineering Physics
• Mianyang Branch of Civil Aviation Flight University of China
• Sichuan Preschool Educators College
• Sichuan Automotive Vocational and Technical College
• Sichuan Electronic and Mechanical Vocational and Technical College

7.2 Basic Education

• Mianyang High School
• Mianyang High School Experimental School
• Mianyang High School Yingcai School
• Nanshan High School
• Nanshan High School Experimental School
• Nanshan High School Bilingual School
• Science City No.1 High School
• Mianyang Foreign Language School
• Mianyang Experimental High School
• Mianyang Dongchen International School
• Mianyang No.1 High School
• Santai High School
• Mianyang Experimental Middle School
• Sichuan Mianyang Anzhou High School
• Mianyang Puming High School
• Jiangyou High School
• Jiangyou No.1 High School
• Mianyang Nanshan High School Experimental School
• Mianyang High-tech Zone Experimental High School

7.3 Vocational Education

• Mianyang Polytechnic
• Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Mianyang Youth Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School

8. Population

At the end of 2022, the total number of registered households in the city was 1.9746 million, with a registered population of 5.2567 million, a decrease of 13,100 people compared to the previous year. The urbanization rate of the registered population was 36.86%, an increase of 0.20 percentage points from the previous year. Resident Population. At the end of the year, the city's resident population was 4.8980 million, an increase of 15,000 people compared to the previous year. This included an urban population of 2.6591 million and a rural population of 2.2389 million. The urbanization rate of the resident population was 54.29%, an increase of 0.66 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The number of births in the year was 37,200, and the number of deaths was 46,637, resulting in a natural population growth rate of -1.79‰.

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's resident population was 4,868,243. Compared with the 4,613,871 people from the Sixth National Population Census, this represents an increase of 254,372 people over ten years, a growth of 5.51%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.54%. Among them, the male population was 2,441,188, accounting for 50.15% of the total population; the female population was 2,427,055, accounting for 49.85% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (with females as 100) was 100.58. The population aged 0-14 was 687,723, accounting for 14.13% of the total population; the population aged 15-59 was 3,026,351, accounting for 62.17% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 1,154,169, accounting for 23.71% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 893,782, accounting for 18.36% of the total population. The population living in urban areas was 2,515,103, accounting for 51.66% of the total population; the population living in rural areas was 2,353,140, accounting for 48.34% of the total population.

8.1 Ethnic Groups

The Han ethnic group is predominant, with ethnic minorities including the Qiang, Tibetan, and Hui. Among the city's resident population, the Han population was 4,701,814, accounting for 96.58%; the population of various ethnic minorities was 166,429, accounting for 3.42%. Compared with the 2010 Sixth National Population Census, the Han population increased by 237,818 people, a growth of 5.33%, but its proportion of the total population decreased by 0.17 percentage points; the population of various ethnic minorities increased by 16,554 people, a growth of 11.05%, and its proportion of the total population increased by 0.17 percentage points. Among these, the Qiang population decreased by 6,971 people, a decline of 5.91%, and its proportion of the total population decreased by 0.28 percentage points.

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South of Mianshan

Fucheng District

Fucheng District

Han Chinese population accounts for 96.58%; ethnic minority populations account for 3.42%

Camphor tree

Rose