Guiyang (贵阳)

1. Introduction

Guiyang, abbreviated as Zhu, also known as the Forest City of the World, is the capital of Guizhou Province of the People's Republic of China. It is a megacity in China, an important central city in southern China, a national comprehensive transportation hub, a national regional innovation center, and an internationally renowned tourist city. Its territory borders Anshun City to the southwest, Bijie City to the northwest, Zunyi City to the north, and Qiannan Prefecture to the east. Located in the eastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, within the Qianzhong hilly plateau region, it lies on the watershed between the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. The Wujiang River flows along the northern edge of the city, and other major rivers include the Nanming River (Qingshui River), Yangshui River, Chaodi River, and Maotiao River. The city covers a total area of 8,043 square kilometers. In 2023, Guiyang had a permanent population of 6.4029 million. The Municipal People's Government is located in Guanshanhu District. Guiyang serves as the provincial center for politics, economy, culture, education, transportation, and tourism. It is a transportation, communication hub, and logistics distribution center connecting the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta in the western region, as well as an eco-tourism and leisure resort city.

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2. History

2.1 Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods

Before the Spring and Autumn period, Guizhou was the southwestern frontier of Jingzhou, part of the "Jingchu" or "Nanman" regions. During the Spring and Autumn period, it was under the jurisdiction of the Zangke Kingdom, with its political center called Yelang Yi (present-day Jinzhu Tun, Guangshun Town, Changshun County). By the end of the Spring and Autumn period, the northern territory of Zangke, still centered around Yelang Yi, established the state name "Yelang." During the Warring States period, it belonged to the Southern Yi Yelang Kingdom. Before the Western Han Dynasty, there are no documented records of the name Yelang Kingdom. The name Yelang first appeared around the Warring States period when King Xiang of Chu (298–262 BC) sent "General Zhuang Yue to sail up the Chen River, emerge at Juelan (present-day Fuquan City, Guizhou), and attack the King of Yelang." "After Juelan was conquered, Yelang surrendered." (Huayang Guozhi · Nanzhong Zhi) It was then that people learned of the existence of the Yelang Kingdom in the southwest. The history of the Yelang Kingdom roughly began during the Warring States period and lasted until the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty, spanning about 300 years. Afterward, the ancient Yelang Kingdom mysteriously disappeared. According to the Book of the Later Han, "There was a Bamboo King who rose by the Dun River. A woman was washing clothes in a stream when a large bamboo with three sections flowed to her feet. She pushed it, but it would not leave. Hearing a child's cry, she took it home, split it open, and found a baby boy. He was raised to be talented and martial, eventually becoming a leader among the Yi and Di tribes, taking 'Bamboo' as his surname." This folk legend vividly reflects the founding of Yelang. Yelang gradually established its political power during the late Western Han Dynasty, and "bamboo worship" became a symbol of Yelang. The claim that "Guangshun Town, Changshun County, Guizhou" was the center of ancient Yelang civilization is based on this. Guangshun Town is located at the foot of Tianma Mountain, with Meinv Mountain to the left and Lang Mountain and Yehe Mountain to the right. Local legends passed down through generations say that the Golden Bamboo Yelang Royal Palace was situated here. Local residents refer to the ancient city site as the Yelang Royal Palace, Bamboo Royal Palace, etc. The simultaneous presence of the character "bamboo" and "Yelang" also supports the conjecture of Yelang's "bamboo worship." Remnants of walls and ruins can still be seen there. The ancient city covered an area of 2 square kilometers, with four exits and two inner walls made of earth and stone. In modern times, while reclaiming land at the foot of Lang Mountain's western side, people have unearthed various cultural relics such as golden swords, square seals, and bronze spoons, as well as multiple ancient Yelang tombs.

2.2 Han Dynasty

During the Han Dynasty, the area was under the jurisdiction of Zangke Commandery. In 122 BC, Emperor Wu of Han sent Wang Ranyu, Lü Yueren, and others as envoys to the Dian Kingdom and Yelang. The King of Dian asked the envoys about the Han territory, saying, "Which is larger, Han or my kingdom?" When the Han envoys reached Yelang, the King of Yelang asked the same question, which is the origin of the idiom "Yelang thinks too highly of itself."

2.3 Jin Dynasty

In the eighth year of the Xianhe era of Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (333 AD), Jinle County was established in the upper western part of Zangke Commandery, corresponding to present-day Dulaying in Guiyang City.

2.4 Tang Dynasty

Juzhou was established in the fourth year of the Wude era of the Tang Dynasty (621 AD), with its seat in present-day Guiyang City, Guizhou. Its jurisdiction roughly covered present-day Guiyang City and parts of Qingzhen, Longli, Xiuwen, and other counties and cities. It was abolished after the Southern Song Dynasty.

2.5 Song Dynasty

During the Song Dynasty, Guiyang was called "Guizhou." The name "Guizhou" first appeared in Emperor Taizu of Song's Edict Bestowed upon Pu Gui: "Only your Guizhou, distant in the remote wilderness." This Pu Gui was an indigenous chieftain ruling Juzhou (present-day Guiyang and adjacent areas) in the early Northern Song Dynasty. During the turmoil of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Juzhou was controlled by the indigenous Shiren tribe. By the seventh year of the Kaibao era of the Northern Song Dynasty (974), Pu Gui submitted the Juzhou under his rule to the central Song court. Due to the local pronunciation of "Ju" as "Gui," Emperor Taizu of Song issued the edict: "Only your Guizhou, distant in the remote wilderness." Thus, the name Guizhou began to appear. However, at this time, Guizhou actually referred only to the present-day Guiyang area.

2.6 Yuan Dynasty

In the 16th year of the Zhiyuan era (1279), the Bafan Luodian Pacification Commission was established. In the 19th year of the Zhiyuan era (1282), the Shunyuan and other route military-civilian pacification commissions were established. In the 29th year of the Zhiyuan era (1292), the Shunyuan and Bafan pacification commissions were merged, and the Bafan Shunyuan Pacification Commission and Military Governor's Office were established in Guiyang, still called Guizhou, though the Yuan rulers referred to it as Shunyuan City.

In the 26th year of the Zhiyuan era of Emperor Shizu of Yuan (1289), Jinzhu Prefecture was established based on Jinzhu Village. In the early Ming Dynasty, Jinzhu Prefecture was changed to Jinzhu Chiefdom.

2.7 Ming Dynasty

In the 11th year of the Yongle era (1413), the Guizhou Provincial Administration Commission was established in Guiyang, making Guizhou officially the 13th province of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of the Longqing era (1568), Chengfan Prefecture (present-day Huishui County) was moved to Guizhou City (present-day Guiyang urban area). In the third month of the third year of the Longqing era (1569), Chengfan Prefecture was renamed Guiyang Prefecture, establishing "Guiyang" as an administrative region name. In the 14th year of the Wanli era (1586), Xingui County was established under Guiyang Prefecture. In the 29th year of the Wanli era (1601), Guiyang Prefecture was upgraded to Guiyang Military-Civilian Prefecture. In the 36th year of the Wanli era (1608), part of Xingui County and Dingfan Zhou was separated to establish Guiding County, under the jurisdiction of Guiyang Military-Civilian Prefecture.

In the second year of the Tianqi era (1622), during the She-An Rebellion, the city was besieged for a year. Of the 400,000 military personnel and civilians, men and women, almost all starved to death, leaving only about 200 survivors.

In the fourth year of the Chongzhen era (1631), Kaizhou (present-day Kaiyang County) was established from the twelve Matou lands directly governed by the Song clan. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Guiyang Military-Civilian Prefecture governed Xingui County, Guiding County, Kaizhou (present-day Kaiyang County), Guangshun Zhou (now part of Changshun County), Dingfan Zhou (present-day Huishui County), and directly administered four chiefdoms.

2.8 Qing Dynasty

In the 16th year of the Shunzhi era (1659), the Guizhou Provincial Governor was established, stationed in Guiyang Military-Civilian Prefecture. In the fifth year of the Kangxi era (1666), the Viceroy of Yun-Gui was moved to Guiyang. In the 26th year of the Kangxi era (1687), Guizhu County was established from the lands of Guizhou Guard and Guizhou Forward Guard, sharing the city with Xingui County, and Guiyang Military-Civilian Prefecture was renamed Guiyang Prefecture. In the 34th year of the Kangxi era (1695), Xingui County was merged into Guizhu County. In the 14th year of the Qianlong era (1749), Guiyang Prefecture governed Guizhu County, Guiding County, Longli County, Xiuwen County, Kaizhou (present-day Kaiyang County), Dingfan Zhou (present-day Huishui County), Guangshun Zhou (now part of Changshun County), and Changzhai Ting (now part of Changshun County). In the seventh year of the Guangxu era (1881), Luohu Ting (present-day Luodian County) was added to its jurisdiction. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guiyang Prefecture governed four counties, three departments (Zhou), and one sub-prefecture (Ting): Guizhu County, Guiding County, Longli County, Xiuwen County, Kaizhou (present-day Kaiyang County), Guangshun Zhou (present-day Changshun County), Dingfan Zhou (present-day Huishui County), and Luohu Ting (present-day Luodian County).

2.9 Republic of China

In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (1914), Guiyang Prefecture was abolished and Guiyang County was established. The previous Guizhu County was moved to Zazuo and later to Xifeng, renamed Xifeng County. At that time, Guizhou was divided into three circuits; Guiyang County belonged to the Qianzhong Circuit. In the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920), the Qianzhong Circuit was abolished, and Guiyang County came directly under the Guizhou Provincial Governor's Office. In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), Guizhou Province was divided into eight administrative inspection districts; Guiyang County belonged to the First Administrative Inspection District. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), Guiyang County came directly under the provincial government. On July 1, the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941), Guiyang City was officially established, Guiyang County was abolished, and Guizhu County was newly established with its seat in Huaxi. In the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), Guiyang City was divided into nine districts, with districts one to five as urban areas and six to nine as suburban areas.

2.10 People's Republic of China

On November 15, 1949, Guiyang came under the control of the People's Republic of China. On November 23, the Guiyang Municipal People's Government was established. On November 24, the Guiyang Administrative Inspectorate Office was established in Xiuwen, governing eleven counties: Xiuwen, Longli, Guiding, Xifeng, Kaiyang, Guizhu, Qingzhen, Huishui, Weng'an, Changshun, and Luodian. In May 1950, Guiyang City was divided into seven districts, with districts one to four as urban areas and five to seven as suburban areas. In 1952, the Guiyang Administrative Office was abolished, and the Guiding Administrative District was established. In 1954, Guizhu County was placed under the jurisdiction of Guiyang City. In the spring of 1955, the Guiyang Municipal People's Government was renamed the Guiyang Municipal People's Committee. In 1957, Guizhu County was abolished, with most of its former territory incorporated into Guiyang City. Qingzhen, Xiuwen, and Kaiyang counties from the former Anshun Administrative District and Huishui County from the former Qiannan Prefecture were placed under Guiyang City's jurisdiction. In February 1958, the jurisdiction of Guizhu County was taken over. In October 1963, Kaiyang County was transferred to the Zunyi Administrative Office; Xiuwen and Qingzhen counties were transferred to the Anshun Administrative Office; and Huishui County was transferred to the Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture. In March 1967, the Mao Zedong Thought Guiyang Revolutionary Committee was established, renamed the Guiyang Revolutionary Committee in August of the same year. In June 1973, Baiyun District was established. In August 1982, the Guiyang Revolutionary Committee was restored as the Guiyang Municipal People's Government.

In June 1993, Xiaohé Town in Huaxi District and Xiaohé Sub-district Office in Nanming District were abolished, and the county-level Xiaohé Town under the city's jurisdiction was established.

On January 1, 1996, with State Council approval, Qingzhen City (county upgraded to city in 1992), Xiuwen County, Xifeng County, and Kaiyang County, formerly under the Anshun Prefecture, were transferred to Guiyang City's jurisdiction. In April 2000, the construction of Jinyang New District was announced. In January 2001, the State Council approved the establishment of Xiaohé District in Guiyang City.

On November 15, 2012, the State Council approved the abolition of Xiaohé District in Guiyang City, merging it into Huaxi District; and the establishment of Guanshanhu District, governing Jinyang Sub-district, Jinhua Town, Zhuchang Town formerly under Wudang District, and Baihuahu Township (the former Jinyang New District) formerly under Qingzhen City.

3. Geography

Guiyang City is situated on the eastern slope of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, located in the eastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwestern China. It features high altitude and low latitude, positioned between 103°36' to 109°31' east longitude and 24°37' to 29°13' north latitude. To the east and south, Guiyang borders the four counties of Weng'an, Longli, Huishui, and Changshun in the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. To the west, it adjoins Pingba County of Anshun City and Zhijin County of the Bijie region. To the north, it neighbors Qianxi and Jinsha counties of the Bijie region and Zunyi County of Zunyi City. The total area is 176,100 square kilometers. The terrain is characterized by high mountains and deep valleys, with over 300 basins (date-shaped depressions) each exceeding 1,000 mu in area. The annual average temperature ranges from 14 to 16 degrees Celsius. Although Guiyang is located in a subtropical region, its relatively high elevation means that snowfall is common in winter, making it a rare and remarkable sight.

Guiyang City Meteorological Data (Average data from 1981 to 2010, Extreme data from 1951 to present)

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |-----------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------|----------|----------|----------| | Record High (°C / °F) | 25.8 (78.4) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.8 (89.2) | 35.3 (95.5) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 37.5 (99.5) | 35.9 (96.6) | 34.4 (93.9) | 32.1 (89.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 26.1 (79.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | | Average High (°C / °F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.9 (60.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.5 (81.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 19.5 (67.1) | 15.5 (59.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 19.2 (66.5) | | Daily Mean (°C / °F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 6.9 (44.4) | 10.7 (51.3) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.0 (69.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 22.5 (72.5) | 20.2 (68.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 14.6 (58.2) | | Average Low (°C / °F) | 1.6 (34.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.4 (59.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.3 (66.7) | 16.6 (61.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 8.0 (46.4) | 3.4 (38.1) | 11.6 (52.8) | | Record Low (°C / °F) | -7.8 (18.0) | -6.6 (20.1) | -3.5 (25.7) | 0.1 (32.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.1 (53.8) | 13.1 (55.6) | 8.1 (46.6) | 3.3 (37.9) | -2.4 (27.7) | -6.6 (20.1) | -7.8 (18.0) | | Average Precipitation (mm / inches) | 20.8 (0.82) | 22.9 (0.90) | 34.8 (1.37) | 82.9 (3.26) | 153.5 (6.04) | 200.6 (7.90) | 188.2 (7.41) | 134.1 (5.28) | 83.5 (3.29) | 88.0 (3.46) | 43.8 (1.72) | 19.7 (0.78) | 1,072.8 (42.23) | | Average Precipitation Days (≥0.1mm) | 13.7 | 12.8 | 13.3 | 15.6 | 18.4 | 16.7 | 15.3 | 14.1 | 13.0 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 169.7 | | Average Relative Humidity (%) | 82 | 79 | 76 | 75 | 76 | 80 | 78 | 78 | 75 | 82 | 77 | 80 | 78 | | Mean Monthly Sunshine Hours | 41.2 | 47.1 | 81.8 | 103.5 | 108.4 | 104.2 | 154.4 | 167.1 | 119.4 | 91.4 | 69.0 | 62.4 | 1,149.9 | | Percentage of Possible Sunshine (%) | 12 | 15 | 22 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 37 | 41 | 32 | 26 | 21 | 19 | 26 |

4. Administrative Divisions

Guiyang City administers 6 municipal districts, 3 counties, and has jurisdiction over 1 county-level city.

• Municipal Districts: Nanming District, Yunyan District, Huaxi District, Wudang District, Baiyun District, Guanshanhu District
• County-level City: Qingzhen City
• Counties: Kaiyang County, Xifeng County, Xiuwen County

Additionally, Guiyang has established the national-level Guiyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone. In January 2014, the national-level Gui'an New Area was established, incorporating the Huchao Miao and Buyei Ethnic Township of Huaxi District, Dangwu Town, and some villages and residential areas of Hongfenghu Town in Qingzhen City into its directly administered area.

| Division Code | Division Name | Pinyin | Area (km²) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | of which: Ethnic Townships | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 520100 | Guiyang City | Guìyáng Shì | 8,043.37 | 5,987,018 | Guanshanhu District | 550000 | 72 | 46 | 27 | 18 | | 520102 | Nanming District | Nánmíng Qū | 209.28 | 1,047,792 | Xinhua Road Subdistrict | 550000 | 18 | | 4 | 1 | | 520103 | Yunyan District | Yúnyán Qū | 91.65 | 1,056,819 | Daying Road Subdistrict | 550000 | 17 | 1 | | | | 520111 | Huaxi District | Huāxī Qū | 964.15 | 966,276 | Yangguang Subdistrict | 550000 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 5 | | 520112 | Wudang District | Wūdāng Qū | 683.22 | 336,363 | Guanxi Road Subdistrict | 550000 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | 520113 | Baiyun District | Báiyún Qū | 269.52 | 456,250 | Quanhu Subdistrict | 550000 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | | 520115 | Guanshanhu District | Guānshānhú Qū | 307.64 | 642,634 | Shijicheng Subdistrict | 550000 | 7 | 3 | | | | 520121 | Kaiyang County | Kāiyáng Xiàn | 2,023.32 | 343,871 | Yangcheng Subdistrict | 550300 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 3 | | 520122 | Xifeng County | Xīfēng Xiàn | 1,036.53 | 219,835 | Yongyang Subdistrict | 551100 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | | 520123 | Xiuwen County | Xiūwén Xiàn | 1,071.47 | 288,090 | Longchang Subdistrict | 550200 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | | 520181 | Qingzhen City | Qīngzhèn Shì | 1,386.58 | 629,088 | Binhu Subdistrict | 551400 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 |

5. Economy

Guiyang is designated by the State Council as a key central city within the "Central Guizhou Industrial Belt," the "Nanning-Guiyang-Kunming Economic Belt," and the "Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone." It is a comprehensive industrial city renowned for its resource development. It has established an integrated industrial system encompassing 34 industrial sectors and 165 categories. Its major industrial products and sectors hold significant positions nationwide. Guiyang is one of China's largest aluminum industrial production bases. Its phosphate mining industry and precision optical instruments are among the country's top three production bases, while its electronic instruments and meters rank among the top five. Its aerospace, aviation, and electronics sectors collectively form one of China's three major international scientific and industrial bases. It serves as a key national production base for cigarettes, abrasive tools, tires, drill steel, automotive parts, and traditional Chinese patent medicines. Metallurgy, machinery, chemicals, food processing, and construction have become the five pillar industries of the local economy. After 2014, Guiyang's big data industry began to flourish, hosting China's first big data industry development cluster zone, the first big data exchange, the first big data strategic key laboratory, and even the "China-UK Big Data Port." On May 1, 2015, the first phase of Guiyang's citywide public free WiFi project was completed. Citizens could search for "D-GuiYang" on their mobile phones and access free WiFi without a password, making Guiyang China's first city with citywide public free WiFi. However, due to a lack of profitable models, the operating company "D-GuiYang" incurred losses of nearly ten million RMB by the end of 2018 after running the WiFi project for over three years.

6. Transportation

6.1 Public Transportation

The public transportation in Guiyang consists of buses and taxis. After the bus fleet renewal, fares are primarily based on the vehicle type: new air-conditioned buses cost 2 yuan, while older models remain 1 yuan. Taxis have a starting fare of 10 yuan, with a possible fuel surcharge based on the weighted average price of 92-octane gasoline in the city. Specifically: when the price reaches or exceeds 7.22 yuan per liter, a 1 yuan fuel surcharge applies; when it reaches or exceeds 9.04 yuan per liter, the surcharge is 2 yuan.

Guiyang residents heavily rely on buses, which are very convenient. Bus stops are closely spaced with frequent service, covering almost every part of the urban area.

The Guiyang Public Transport Company is one of the few profitable public transport operators among China's city bus systems. It was the first in the country to implement driverless ticketing and remains a model for other city bus systems nationwide.

6.2 Rail Transit

The Guiyang Rail Transit system is constructed by Guiyang Rail Transit Co., Ltd., with a total planned network of four lines (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, and Line S1), spanning 142 kilometers. The trial section of Line 1 began construction on September 28, 2009, and the entire line opened on December 1, 2018 (Douguan Station opened on December 28, 2019). Line 2 officially commenced operation on April 28, 2021, and Line 3 opened on December 16, 2023.

6.3 Highways

Guiyang serves as the highway hub of Guizhou Province, with multiple expressways converging here. The expressway network is well-developed, connecting to all counties and cities within Guizhou and across the country. National Highways 210, 320, and 354 pass through the area.

6.4 Railway

Guiyang is a railway hub in southwestern China. It features three electrified conventional-speed railways: the Guizhou-Guangxi Railway (completed in 1959, upgraded in 2009), the Sichuan-Guizhou Railway (completed in 1965), and the Shanghai-Kunming Railway (completed in 1970), boasting the highest electrification density in China.

The Guiyang-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Guizhou's first high-speed rail line, opened on December 26, 2014. The Guiyang-Kaiyang Railway commenced operation on May 1, 2015. The Shanghai-Kunming High-Speed Railway was fully operational by the end of 2016. The Chongqing-Guiyang Railway officially opened on January 25, 2018. The Chengdu-Guiyang High-Speed Railway began service on December 16, 2019. These railways have established a comprehensive rail transport network around Guiyang, consisting of both conventional and high-speed lines in all directions. Guiyang has formed a half-hour economic circle to its metropolitan area, a one-hour travel circle to major cities within the province, a two-hour circle to cities like Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming, and Changsha, a four-hour circle to Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Xi'an, and fast rail circles of six hours to Shanghai and seven hours to Beijing.

Guiyang city has eight railway stations: Guiyang Station (passenger), Guiyang East Station (passenger), Guiyang South Station (freight), Guiyang North Station (passenger), Guiyang West Station (passenger), Qianlingshan Station (passenger), Longdongbao Station (passenger), and Nanyueshan Station (freight). Guiyang Station is a first-class passenger station, handling over 20,000 passengers daily with direct trains to major domestic cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu, as well as to key cities within Guizhou.

The new Guiyang Station, also known as Guiyang North Station, began construction in December 2009 and officially opened on December 26, 2014. Designed with 32 tracks and 15 platforms, it is the largest comprehensive railway transport hub in southwestern China. Guiyang North Station serves as the hub and originating station for several high-speed and intercity railways: the Guiyang-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (Guiyang to Guangzhou: 4 hours), the Shanghai-Kunming High-Speed Railway, the Chengdu-Guiyang High-Speed Railway (Guiyang to Chengdu: 2 hours), and the Chongqing-Guiyang Railway (Guiyang to Chongqing: 2 hours). It also includes a station for Guiyang Rail Transit Line 1 and the Guiyang Metropolitan Express Rail.

6.5 Airport

Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport has the IATA code KWE and ICAO code ZUGY. Located 11 kilometers east of downtown Guiyang, about a 20-minute drive, it officially opened on May 28, 1997. It is a modern domestic 4E-class trunk airport capable of handling all aircraft except the world's largest, the A380. The airport features an east runway of 4,000 meters by 60 meters and a west runway of 3,500 meters. The terminal building covers 382,000 square meters, with an annual capacity of 30 million passengers, 250,000 tons of cargo, and 250,000 aircraft movements. As a key aviation hub in southwestern China, it began air transport operations on May 28, 1997. On January 19, 2006, it was renamed Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, becoming the fourth international airport in southwestern China.

The second phase of Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport primarily involved constructing a new 110,000-square-meter terminal, renovating the existing terminal, building a 260,000-square-meter apron, a new 4,000-meter runway, a 21,000-square-meter cargo terminal, and 105,000 square meters of parking facilities (including parking buildings). Supporting infrastructure for air traffic control, fuel supply, power, water supply and drainage, cooling, heating, gas, fire rescue, and auxiliary production facilities were also developed, covering approximately 1086 mu of land.

Currently, Guiyang Airport has two closely spaced runways (3,500 meters and 4,000 meters) and functions as a super-large national hub airport. Metro Line 2 provides direct access to the city center.

7. Education

7.1 Higher Education Institutions

• Guizhou University (Project 211)
• Guizhou Minzu University
• Guizhou Normal University
• Guizhou Medical University
• Guizhou Education University
• Guizhou Institute of Technology
• Guizhou University of Finance and Economics
• Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Guiyang University
• Guizhou University of Commerce
• Shizhen College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Guiyang Health and Wellness Vocational University

6.2 Secondary Schools

• Guiyang Affiliated High School of Beijing Normal University
• Guiyang No. 1 High School
• Guiyang No. 6 High School
• Affiliated High School of Guizhou Normal University
• Guiyang No. 8 High School
• Guiyang No. 3 High School
• Guiyang No. 3 Experimental High School
• Guiyang Yali High School (Guiyang No. 9 High School, formerly Guiyang Tianjiabing High School)
• Guiyang No. 5 High School
• Guiyang No. 2 High School
• Huashi Yi Guiyang School
• Guiyang No. 18 High School
• Guiyang No. 7 High School
• Guiyang No. 13 High School
• Guiyang No. 16 High School
• Guiyang No. 17 High School
• Guiyang No. 2 Experimental High School
• Guiyang No. 19 High School
• Guiyang No. 25 High School
• Guiyang No. 32 High School
• Guiyang No. 33 High School
• Guiyang No. 38 High School
• Guiyang No. 39 High School
• Guiyang Tsinghua High School
• Guiyang Baiyun Xingnong High School
• Guiyang Minzu High School
• Guiyang Jinzhu High School
• Guiyang Baiyun District No. 2 High School
• Guiyang Yuqiang High School
• Guiyang Xiaohe District No. 1 High School
• Guiyang Xiaohe District Jinzhu High School
• Guiyang Aerospace High School
• Guiyang Wudang High School
• Guiyang Xiuwen County Jingyang High School
• Guiyang Baiyun District No. 6 High School
• Guiyang Baiyun District No. 7 High School
• Guiyang No. 14 High School
• Guiyang No. 21 High School
• Affiliated High School of Guizhou University
• Guiyang Wudang District Weiming High School
• Guiyang Weiming International School
• Guiyang Kaiyang County No. 1 High School

8. Population

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's permanent resident population is 5,987,018. Compared with the 4,322,611 people from the Sixth National Population Census, there was an increase of 1,664,407 people over the past decade, a growth of 38.5%, with an average annual growth rate of 3.31%. Among them, the male population is 3,061,169, accounting for 51.13% of the total population; the female population is 2,925,849, accounting for 48.87% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (with females as 100) is 104.62. The population aged 0-14 is 1,111,270, accounting for 18.56% of the total population; the population aged 15-59 is 4,079,523, accounting for 68.14% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above is 796,225, accounting for 13.3% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above is 566,932, accounting for 9.47% of the total population. The urban population is 4,794,071, accounting for 80.07% of the total population; the rural population is 1,192,947, accounting for 19.93% of the total population.

8.1 Ethnic Groups

Among the city's permanent resident population, the Han population is 4,703,678, accounting for 78.56%; the total population of various ethnic minorities is 1,283,340, accounting for 21.44%. Compared with the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the Han population increased by 1,093,445, a growth of 30.29%, with its proportion of the total population decreasing by 4.96 percentage points; the total population of various ethnic minorities increased by 570,962, a growth of 80.15%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 4.96 percentage points. Among them, the Miao population increased by 152,048, a growth of 61.53%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.95 percentage points; the Bouyei population increased by 82,105, a growth of 40.5%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.07 percentage points; the Tujia population increased by 102,642, a growth of 170.85%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 1.33 percentage points; the Dong population increased by 55,072, a growth of 168.7%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.71 percentage points; the Yi population increased by 44,306, a growth of 102.29%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.46 percentage points; the population of undetermined ethnic affiliation (unrecognized ethnic groups) increased by 44,615, a growth of 104.15%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.47 percentage points; the Gelao population increased by 32,832, a growth of 128.97%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.38 percentage points.

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9. Culture

9.1 National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

• Site of Xifeng Concentration Camp
• Ancient Architectural Complex of Matouzhai
• Yangming Cave and Yangming Temple
• Wenchang Pavilion and Jiaxiu Tower
• Site of Dade School

9.2 Major Attractions

• Tianhetan Scenic Area
• Guizhou Provincial Museum
• Guizhou Provincial Ethnic Museum
• Guizhou Provincial Geological Museum
• Guiyang International Ecological Conference Center
• Huaxi National Urban Wetland Park
• Aha Lake National Wetland Park
• Guiyang Medicinal Botanical Garden
• Guiyang Huaguoyuan
• Qianling Mountain Park
• Guanshan Lake Park
• Zhucheng Park
• Riverside Park
• Huaxi Park
• Qingyan Ancient Town
• Hongfeng Lake
• Xiangzhigou

9.3 Cultural Relics and Historic Sites

• Ruins of Yongle Ancient Fort from the Ming Dynasty
• Qianming Temple
• Hongfu Temple
• Fufeng Temple
• Housuo Gulin Temple
• Dongshan Chaofeng Temple
• Guiyang Baiyun Temple
• Xiwang Mountain Stone Carvings
• Xuantian Cave Stone Carvings
• Former Residence of Wang Boqun
• Qingding Pavilion
• Cuiwei Garden

10. Sister Cities

• Eniwa, Japan (1986)
• Palmerston North, New Zealand (August 17, 1992)
• Fort Worth, United States (October 17, 2011)
• County Meath, Ireland (October 3, 2014)
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (May 22, 2020)

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Guanshanhu District

Yunyan District

Han Chinese account for 78.56% of the population; ethnic minorities account for 21.44%.

Camphor tree, bamboo

Orchid, Crape Myrtle