Baoding (保定)

1. Introduction

Baoding City, abbreviated as Bao, historically known as Baozhou and Qingyuan, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, People's Republic of China. Located in the central-western part of Hebei Province, it is an important city in the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang High-Tech Industrial Belt. The city borders Beijing and Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south, and Datong and Xinzhou of Shanxi Province to the west. Situated in the northern part of the North China Plain and at the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains, the terrain slopes from high in the west to low in the east. Rivers such as the Juma River, Tang River, and Dasha River flow from west to east into Baiyangdian Lake and the Daqing River. Baoding is the most populous prefecture-level city in Hebei Province, with the People's Government located at No. 1 Dongfeng West Road, Jingxiu District.

Baoding served as the capital of Zhili Province and the seat of the Zhili Governor during the Qing Dynasty. It also long served as the capital of Hebei Province during the Republic of China era and the early years of the People's Republic. Currently, it is a National Historical and Cultural City and one of the central cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The Xiongan New Area is located within its jurisdiction.

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2. History

2.1 Archaeology

Human activities flourished in the area of present-day Baoding city and its counties during the Stone Age. The Nanzhuangtou site in Xushui District, located within the current city area, is the earliest Neolithic site discovered to date in North China, dating back approximately 10,500 to 9,700 years. This site fills the chronological gap between representative Neolithic cultural remains and late Paleolithic cultures. Other significant archaeological discoveries in Baoding include the Neolithic Diaoyutai site in Quyang County, the Beifangshui site from the Xia and Shang periods in Tang County, and the Yaozhuang site from the Shang and Zhou periods in Mancheng District.

2.2 Xia and Shang Periods

According to historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian and Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, the Yellow Emperor, together with various feudal lords, "united the tallies at Mount Fu," establishing himself as the supreme ruler. This event is believed to have taken place at Mount Fu in present-day Xushui District, Baoding. Areas such as Shunping and Tang County are considered the ancient territory of Emperor Yao. Wangdu County was originally named Qingdu County, derived from the tribe of Yao's mother, Qingdu. The region around Yi County was the ancient land of the Youyi clan during the Xia and Shang periods.

2.3 Pre-Qin Period

During the Zhou Dynasty, the Baoding area was divided among the states of Yan, Zhao, and Zhongshan. In the mid-Warring States period (around 311 BC), King Zhao of Yan established the secondary capital of Yan (Yanxiadu) southeast of present-day Yi County, Baoding. This is the largest Warring States period capital city discovered to date. In 295 BC, King Zhao of Yan built Guangyang City, with a perimeter of five li, about five li east of present-day Lianchi District, Baoding. Chosen for its location at the confluence of rivers and lush pastures, it was used as a city for breeding warhorses and was also known as Kongcheng (Empty City). This marks the earliest city foundation in the area of present-day Baoding.

2.4 Han, Jin, Sui, and Tang Dynasties

During the Qin Dynasty, the area belonged to Shanggu Commandery, hence it was also called Shanggu. Starting from the Han Dynasty, Baoding was situated at the border between Zhongshan Commandery of Ji Province and Zhuo Commandery of You Province. Because it was located north of Zhongshan, it was called Beiping. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Beiping Commandery was established within the Baoding area.

In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu of Han (196 BC), Lexiang City was built in present-day Wangting Town, Qingyuan District, Baoding, and Lexiang County was established under Xindu Kingdom, marking the beginning of county-level administration in Baoding. There was also Beixincheng County, which initially belonged to Zhuo Commandery and later to Zhongshan Kingdom. Additionally, there was the Fanyu Marquisate, the fiefdom of Liu Xiu, Marquis of Fanyu and son of Liu Sheng, Prince Jing of Zhongshan. During the Xin Dynasty under Wang Mang, it was renamed Leqiu but was abolished in the Eastern Han. The Western Jin re-established Fanyu County under Gaoyang Kingdom. The Northern Wei newly established Qingyuan County, which, along with Lexiang County, belonged to Gaoyang Commandery. During the Northern Qi, Qingyuan County, Beixincheng County, and Lexiang County were all abolished and merged into Yongning County, which was later renamed Lexiang County. In the Sui Dynasty, Lexiang County was changed to Qingyuan County under Hejian Commandery. During the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Mo Prefecture of Hebei Circuit.

2.5 Song and Jin Dynasties

In the first year of the Jianlong era of the Northern Song (960 AD), because Qingyuan was the ancestral home and the location of the imperial tombs of the Song emperors, Qingyuan County was renamed Baosai County, and the Baosai Army was established. Emperor Zhenzong of Song, Zhao Heng, once stated in an imperial edict: "Fenggui Township, Dong'an Village in Baosai County, Baozhou, is the old hometown of the Xuanzu Emperor." In the 6th year of the Taiping Xingguo era (981 AD), the southern part of Mancheng County from Yi Prefecture was incorporated into Baosai County, and the Baosai Army was elevated to Baozhou. In the 3rd year of the Chunhua era (992 AD), Huyan Zan and Li Jixuan successively governed Baozhou, constructing city gates and barracks, and dredging the Yimu Spring and Jiju Spring to converge and flow into the Baozhou city gates.

In the 7th year of the Tianhui era of the Jin Dynasty (1129 AD), the Shuntian Army military commissioner was established in Baozhou. In the 16th year of the Dading era (1176 AD), Baosai County was restored to Qingyuan County. In the 12th month of the 1st year of the Zhenyou era (1213 AD), the Mongol army captured Baozhou city, slaughtered its inhabitants, and the city was abandoned. In the 2nd year of Zhenyou (1214 AD), the administrative seat of Baozhou was moved to Mancheng County.

2.6 Yuan Dynasty

In the 22nd year of Genghis Khan (1227 AD), the Jin general who had surrendered to the Mongols, Zhang Rou, moved his garrison from Mancheng County to Baozhou city (present-day Lianchi District, Baoding). He ordered Jia Fu, Mao Zhengqing, and Yuan De to rebuild Baozhou city. In the 11th year of Ögedei Khan (1239 AD), Baozhou was renamed Shuntian Route. In the 12th year of the Zhiyuan era of Kublai Khan (1275 AD), it was renamed Baoding Route, governing seven prefectures (containing twelve counties) and eight counties, totaling twenty counties. In the 17th year (1280 AD), an official was appointed to lead the Baoding Weaving and Dyeing Bureau.

2.7 Ming Dynasty

In the 1st year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD), Baoding Route was changed to Baoding Prefecture. In the 1st year of the Yongle era (1403 AD), the Beiping Branch Regional Military Commission was changed to the Daning Regional Military Commission and moved its headquarters to Baoding. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Governor-General of Ji-Liao was established, fully titled "Governor-General of Military Affairs and Supervisor of Provisions for Ji, Liao, Baoding, and other areas." It oversaw the three grand coordinators of Shuntian, Baoding, and Liaodong, and the four defense commands of Jizhou, Changping, Liaodong, and Baoding.

In the 10th year of the Zhengde era (1515 AD), the Baoding Grand Coordinator was established. In the 10th year of the Jiajing era (1531 AD), the Ercheng Academy was built (its site is north of present-day West Street), later renamed Jintai Academy. In the 34th year of the Wanli era (1606 AD), the Shanggu Academy was built northwest of the prefectural office. In the 44th year (1616 AD), a mosque was built at the southeastern corner of the city.

In the 11th year of the Chongzhen era (1638 AD), the Governor of Baoding was separated from the Governor-General of Ji-Liao, becoming an independent governor overseeing the four grand coordinators of Baoding, Shandong, Tianjin, and Deng-Lai.

2.8 Qing Dynasty

In the 8th year of the Kangxi era (1669 AD), the Zhili Grand Coordinator moved his seat from Zhending to Baoding, making Baoding the provincial capital of Zhili for the first time. In the 2nd year of the Yongzheng era (1724 AD), the Zhili Grand Coordinator was changed to the Zhili Governor-General. In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733 AD), the Lianchi Academy was built (present-day Ancient Lotus Pond). In the 9th year of the Tongzhi era (1870 AD), Li Hongzhang, serving as Zhili Governor-General, built the Huai Army Guild Hall in the southwestern corner of the city. In the 9th month of the 1st year of the Guangxu era (1875 AD), the telegraph line from Tianjin to Baoding was completed. In the 11th year of Guangxu (1885 AD), Christian churches built a Christian church east of Zhifangtou. In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889 AD), a telegraph line was erected from Baoding to Xi'an. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898 AD), the Lu-Bao section of the Lu-Han Railway was built, opening to traffic in the first month of the following year. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900 AD), telephone service was established in Baoding. In the 27th year of Guangxu (1901 AD), the Bao-Zheng section of the Lu-Han Railway opened. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903 AD), a temporary palace for Empress Dowager Cixi was built; Cixi brought Emperor Guangxu to Baoding for a three-day stay. In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908 AD), Baoding Yude Middle School was founded. This school later served as the headquarters of the Hebei branch of the Tongmenghui. In the same year, based on the library building of the Lianchi Academy, the Zhili Provincial Library was established.

2.9 Republican Era

In the early years of the Republic of China, Baoding served as the capital of Zhili Province. In 1913, Baoding Prefecture was abolished, leaving Qingyuan County, and the provincial capital moved to Tianjin. Qingyuan County remained the seat of Fanyan Circuit. In 1914, Fanyan Circuit was renamed Baoding Circuit. In 1925, Baoding Autonomous City was established within Qingyuan County (present-day Lianchi District, Baoding).

In 1928, Zhili Province was renamed Hebei Province, and Baoding Circuit was abolished. Subsequently, Baoding Autonomous City was also abolished. In 1935, the provincial capital of Hebei moved back from Tianjin to Qingyuan. In September 1937, Qingyuan County town was occupied by the Japanese army.

After Japan's surrender in 1945, the Baoding Administrative Inspectorate was established. In June 1946, the provincial capital of Hebei moved from Beiping City to Qingyuan. In November 1947, the provincial capital moved back to Beiping.

In November 1948, the People's Liberation Army entered and established Baoding City, which became the seat of the Central Hebei Administrative Office.

On August 1, 1949, the People's Government of Hebei Province was established in Baoding City.

2.10 After the Founding of the People's Republic of China

On October 1, 1949, prefecture-level Baoding City and Baoding Prefecture were established. The area of the former Qingyuan County town (present-day Lianchi District, Baoding) became the area of Baoding City, and the Qingyuan County government moved to Nandaran. In September 1954, the Hebei Provincial Government was renamed the Hebei Provincial People's Committee. On April 28, 1958, Baoding City was downgraded to a county-level city under Baoding Prefecture; in May, the Hebei Provincial People's Committee moved from Baoding to Tianjin.

On May 3, 1960, Baoding City was elevated to a prefecture-level city for the second time, directly under Hebei Province, establishing Ludong District, Luxi District, Qingyuan District, Mancheng District, and Wanxian District. On May 23, 1961, Baoding City was again downgraded to a county-level city under Baoding Prefecture. Ludong and Luxi Districts were merged into the city proper, while Qingyuan, Mancheng, and Wanxian districts were abolished and reverted to counties. In July 1961, Xinshi District was established. In September 1962, Beishi District and Nanshi District were established.

In May 1966, the Hebei Provincial People's Committee moved back from Tianjin to Baoding, making Baoding the provincial capital once again. In February 1968, the Hebei Provincial Revolutionary Committee was established in Shijiazhuang, replacing the Hebei Provincial People's Committee. In August 1968, Baoding Prefecture was renamed Baoding Region.

On November 15, 1983, Baoding City was elevated to a prefecture-level city for the third time, directly under the province, and Mancheng County was placed under its jurisdiction. In May 1986, Qingyuan County was placed under Baoding City. In December 1994, Baoding Region and prefecture-level Baoding City merged to form the new prefecture-level Baoding City.

In 2014, Hebei Province's "Opinions on Promoting New Urbanization" positioned Baoding as "a service zone to undertake the relocation of some administrative institutions, universities, research institutes, and healthcare and elderly care functions from the capital." For this purpose, Baoding planned a 1,149 square kilometer area to receive functions relocated from Beijing.

On May 8, 2015, with State Council approval, Xinshi District was renamed Jingxiu District; Beishi District and Nanshi District merged to form Lianchi District; Mancheng County, Qingyuan County, and Xushui County were abolished and established as districts.

In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council established the Xiongan New Area in Hebei, encompassing Xiong County, Anxin County, Rongcheng County, and surrounding areas in the hinterland of Beijing, Tianjin, and Baoding, as a centralized location for relocating Beijing's non-capital functions.

3. Geography

Baoding is located in the central-western part of Hebei Province, China, at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountains. It borders the capital Beijing to the north, Shijiazhuang City to the south, Shanxi Province to the west, and Langfang City to the east. Its geographical coordinates range from 113°40' to 116°20' east longitude and 38°10' to 40°00' north latitude. The terrain is predominantly plains. It features a temperate continental monsoon climate, with an average annual precipitation of 570 mm and an average annual temperature of 12.0°C. | Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |-----------------|-----------|-----------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|-----------|-----------|------------|------------| | Record high °C | 14.9 | 23.1 | 26.7 | 33.8 | 37.8 | 41.6 | 41.6 | 37.7 | 34.3 | 31.0 | 23.5 | 17.1 | 41.6 | | Record high °F | 58.8 | 73.6 | 80.1 | 92.8 | 100.0 | 106.9 | 106.9 | 99.9 | 93.7 | 87.8 | 74.3 | 62.8 | 106.9 | | Average high °C | 2.5 | 5.8 | 12.6 | 21.3 | 27.0 | 31.7 | 31.7 | 30.1 | 26.5 | 20.0 | 10.8 | 4.1 | 18.7 | | Average high °F | 36.5 | 42.4 | 54.7 | 70.3 | 80.6 | 89.1 | 89.1 | 86.2 | 79.7 | 68.0 | 51.4 | 39.4 | 65.6 | | Daily mean °C | -3.2 | -0.1 | 6.6 | 14.9 | 20.6 | 25.4 | 26.8 | 25.3 | 20.6 | 13.6 | 5.1 | -1.2 | 12.9 | | Daily mean °F | 26.2 | 31.8 | 43.9 | 58.8 | 69.1 | 77.7 | 80.2 | 77.5 | 69.1 | 56.5 | 41.2 | 29.8 | 55.2 | | Average low °C | -7.7 | -4.7 | 1.3 | 8.8 | 14.5 | 19.6 | 22.6 | 21.4 | 15.7 | 8.7 | 0.8 | -5.2 | 8.0 | | Average low °F | 18.1 | 23.5 | 34.3 | 47.8 | 58.1 | 67.3 | 72.7 | 70.5 | 60.3 | 47.7 | 33.4 | 22.6 | 46.4 | | Record low °C | -19.6 | -15.7 | -14.8 | -3.2 | 5.5 | 10.7 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 5.7 | -2.3 | -11.6 | -17.9 | -19.6 | | Record low °F | -3.3 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 26.2 | 41.9 | 51.3 | 56.1 | 54.7 | 42.3 | 27.9 | 11.1 | -0.2 | -3.3 | | Average precipitation mm | 2.0 | 4.8 | 8.0 | 17.1 | 32.6 | 64.0 | 172.2 | 133.7 | 43.1 | 21.4 | 10.5 | 3.1 | 512.5 | | Average precipitation inches | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.67 | 1.28 | 2.52 | 6.78 | 5.26 | 1.70 | 0.84 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 20.16 | | Average precipitation days | 1.6 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 64.0 | The terrain within the area is divided into mountainous regions (including mid-mountain areas, low-mountain areas, and hilly regions), plains, and low-lying wetland areas. Mountainous regions account for approximately 49.68% of the total area, with the highest peak being Waitou Mountain in Fuping County, at an elevation of 2,286 meters; this is Tuoliang Mountain, with an elevation of 2,281 meters. Plains account for about 47% of the area, and low-lying wetland areas account for about 3.23%.### 3.1 Famous Mountains

• Northern Sacred Mountain Hengshan: Also known as Changshan or Damaoshan. It is located at the junction of Laiyuan, Fuping, and Tang counties. The main peak is situated in Tang County. Its history can be traced back to the legendary period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. According to the Records of the Grand Historian: Fengshan Book, Emperor Shun once offered sacrifices at Hengshan. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, the mountain was renamed Changshan to avoid a naming taboo. In the 17th year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial sacrifices for the Northern Sacred Mountain were moved to Xuanyue Mountain in Hunyuan, Shanxi, which was then renamed Hengshan. Consequently, the original Hengshan was renamed Damaoshan. Today, the Northern Sacred Mountain Temple, a national key cultural relics protection unit, is preserved in Quyang County. The present-day Hebei Ancient Northern Sacred Mountain National Forest Park is located in the Damaoshan area.
• Langya Mountain: Located in the western part of Yi County, also known as Langshan, it is named for its resemblance to wolf teeth. It is one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Baoding" known as "Competing Beauty of Wolf Peaks," from which Baoding's Jingxiu District derives its name. Widely known due to the "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain," it is a famous patriotic education base.
• Baishi Mountain: A mountain located within Baishishan Town, Laiyuan County. It is a AAAAA-level scenic area and a National Geopark of China.
• Fushan: Located in Xushui District, it is the place where the Yellow Emperor held a grand assembly with the feudal lords and was elected as the alliance leader, known as "Uniting the Tallies at Fushan." The Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Governance records its location as Wusui, which is in the area of present-day Suicheng Town, Xushui District, Baoding City.

3.2 Rivers

The rivers primarily belong to the Daqing River system of the Haihe River Basin, with the Yongding River flowing through the northeastern part of the jurisdiction. Within the territory, the Daqing River system is divided into northern and southern branches. There are 99 mountainous river courses longer than 10 kilometers. The rivers are distributed in a fan shape across the city. Except for those in mountainous areas, most rivers in the plains are seasonal.

• The southern branch of the Daqing River mainly includes the Zhulong River, Xiaoyi River, Tang River, Qingshui River, Fu River, Cao River, Bao River, and Ping River, which flow into Baiyangdian Lake. The northern branch mainly consists of the North Juma River and the South Juma River. The North Juma River includes the Huliang River, Liuli River, and Xiaoqing River. The South Juma River includes the North Yishui River, Middle Yishui River, Macun River, and Langou River. These two rivers converge at Baigou Town in Gaobeidian City to form the Daqing River. The Baigou Diversion Channel connects to Baiyangdian Lake.
• Baiyangdian Lake is located in the eastern part of the city. It consists of 99 lakes and marshes larger than 10 hectares, including Baiyangdian, Zaozadian, Shaochedian, and Laowangdian. It stretches 39.5 kilometers from east to west and 28.5 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of 366 square kilometers (the corresponding area when the water level at Shifangyuan is 10.5 meters).
• The central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project runs longitudinally through the city. In the western mountainous area, there are also four large reservoirs: Wangkuai, Xidayang, Angezhuang, and Longmen, along with over 90 medium and small-sized reservoirs.

3.3 Resources

The western mountainous area contains over 50 types of mineral resources, including copper, iron, coal, lead, zinc, molybdenum, aluminum, as well as asbestos, mica, granite, marble, limestone, and kaolin. The eastern plains and depressions contain energy mineral deposits such as petroleum, natural gas, and geothermal resources. In 2012, Baoding was awarded the title "City of Hot Springs in China" by the Ministry of Land and Resources.

3.4 Geopolitical Position

Baoding is adjacent to Beijing and has historically been known as the "Southern Shield of the Capital, Stronghold of Northern Hebei." It forms an equilateral triangle with Beijing and Tianjin geographically, sharing close geographical proximity and kinship ties. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration plan, it is listed alongside Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang as a core functional area.

4. Administrative Divisions

Baoding City currently administers 5 municipal districts, 15 counties, and has jurisdiction over 4 county-level cities on behalf of the province.

• Municipal Districts: Jingxiu District, Lianchi District, Mancheng District, Qingyuan District, Xushui District
• County-level Cities: Zhuozhou City, Dingzhou City, Anguo City, Gaobeidian City
• Counties: Laishui County, Fuping County, Dingxing County, Tang County, Gaoyang County, Rongcheng County, Laiyuan County, Wangdu County, Anxin County, Yi County, Quyang County, Li County, Shunping County, Boye County, Xiong County Additionally, Baoding City has established the following economic management zones: National Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone, China Electric Valley Dawangdian Industrial Park (located in Dawangdian Town, Xushui District), and Baigou New Town (the Party Working Committee and Administrative Committee are stationed in Baigou Town, Gaobeidian City).

In 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council established the national-level Hebei Xiongan New Area, which includes Xiong County, Anxin County, Rongcheng County of Baoding City, and some adjacent areas.

| Division Code | Division Name | Chinese Pinyin | Area (km²) | Permanent Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | |-------------------|---------------------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------|------------------|-----------|---------------| | 130600 | Baoding City | Bǎodìng Shì | 72,384.95 | 11,437,217 | Lianchi District | 071000 | 31 | 207 | 105 | | 130602 | Jingxiu District| Jìngxiù Qū | 149.52 | 618,114 | Dongfeng Subdistrict| 071000 | 5 | 2 | 4 | | 130606 | Lianchi District| Liánchí Qū | 177.56 | 913,541 | Wusi Road Subdistrict| 071000 | 10 | 2 | 5 | | 130607 | Mancheng District| Mǎnchéng Qū | 858.18 | 391,399 | Mancheng Town | 072100 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 130608 | Qingyuan District| Qīngyuàn Qū | 856.32 | 625,249 | Qingyuan Town | 071100 | 13 | 5 | | | 130609 | Xushui District | Xúshuǐ Qū | 722.98 | 604,275 | Ansuzhen Town | 072500 | 10 | 4 | | | 130623 | Laishui County | Láishuǐ Xiàn | 1,601.61 | 315,753 | Laishui Town | 074100 | 12 | 3 | | | 130624 | Fuping County | Fùpíng Xiàn | 2,493.97 | 194,004 | Fuping Town | 072200 | 8 | 5 | | | 130626 | Dingxing County | Dìngxīng Xiàn | 713.89 | 512,765 | Dingxing Town | 072500 | 9 | 7 | | | 130627 | Tang County | Táng Xiàn | 1,414.21 | 505,849 | Renhou Town | 072300 | 11 | 9 | | | 130628 | Gaoyang County | Gāoyáng Xiàn | 494.88 | 318,586 | Gaoyang Town | 071500 | 1 | 7 | 1 | | 130629 | Rongcheng County| Róngchéng Xiàn | 311.02 | 273,164 | Rongcheng Town | 071700 | 5 | 3 | | | 130630 | Laiyuan County | Láiyuán Xiàn | 2,431.18 | 248,890 | Laiyuan Town | 074200 | 10 | 7 | | | 130631 | Wangdu County | Wàngdū Xiàn | 357.81 | 233,790 | Wangdu Town | 072400 | 7 | 1 | | | 130632 | Anxin County | Ānxīn Xiàn | 727.71 | 453,723 | Anxin Town | 071500 | 9 | 3 | | | 130633 | Yi County | Yì Xiàn | 2,534.94 | 486,535 | Yizhou Town | 074200 | 11 | 16 | 1 | | 130634 | Quyang County | Qūyáng Xiàn | 1,075.75 | 573,975 | Hengzhou Town | 073100 | 11 | 7 | | | 130635 | Li County | Lǐ Xiàn | 652.83 | 488,152 | Liwu Town | 071400 | 11 | 2 | | | 130636 | Shunping County | Shùnpíng Xiàn | 711.77 | 206,878 | Puyang Town | 072200 | 0 | 4 | | | 130637 | Boye County | Bóyě Xiàn | 320.50 | 225,065 | Boye Town | 071300 | 7 | | | | 130638 | Xiong County | Xióng Xiàn | 513.46 | 371,734 | Xiongzhou Town | 071800 | 8 | 4 | | | 130681 | Zhuozhou City | Zhuōzhōu Shì | 751.30 | 667,878 | Shuangta Subdistrict | 072700 | 3 | 10 | 1 | | 130682 | Dingzhou City | Dìngzhōu Shì | 1,283.71 | 1,095,986 | Nancheng District Subdistrict | 072000 | 4 | 16 | 5 | | 130683 | Anguo City | Ānguó Shì | 485.09 | 363,091 | Qizhou Town | 071200 | 2 | 0 | 3 | | 130684 | Gaobeidian City | Gāobēidiàn Shì | 673.31 | 695,803 | Xinghua Road Subdistrict | 074000 | 5 | 10 | |

5. Economy

Baoding City ranked 99th in the 2004 Mainland China City Competitiveness Ranking. Its industry has taken initial shape, with major sectors including food, textiles, cigarettes, printing, papermaking, machinery, automobiles, and chemicals. Among them, Lucky Group is China's largest producer of photosensitive film and magnetic materials. Swan Group is a large chemical fiber production enterprise. Tianwei Group is a major transformer manufacturer. The "Eight Major Factories" in the western suburbs, established during the "First Five-Year Plan" period, remain the backbone of the city's industrial economy to this day. This includes five enterprises that were among the 156 key national projects at the time: the film factory, chemical fiber factory, paper mill, thermal power plant, and storage battery factory; and three enterprises among the 694 limited-above projects: the transformer factory, general machinery factory (foundry machinery factory), and cotton mill. In recent years, with continuous enterprise reform and development, a new batch of backbone enterprises has emerged, such as Yingli Green Energy Holding Co., Ltd., Baoshuo Group, Great Wall Motor Group, Bada Group, Lingyun Industrial Group, Sanli Group, Qifa Group, Anyao Group, Kangda Group, Juli Group, and Lizhong Group. There are also some enterprises that have emerged due to the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, undertaking the relocation of non-capital functions from Beijing and serving the Xiong'an New Area. For example, Hebei Jingche Rail Transit Vehicle Equipment Co., Ltd., located in Mancheng District and under the Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co., Ltd.

Baoding City is recognized by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China as a "National Science and Technology Demonstration City for Comprehensive Solar Energy Utilization." Low-carbon development is integrated into urban construction and social management, forming cluster development advantages in areas such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, power transmission and transformation, and electrical energy storage. Currently, there are over 180 related enterprises. As a pilot city for the "Ten Cities Ten Thousand Lights" LED lighting initiative, the city has implemented solar thermal projects on buildings and comprehensively transformed road lighting, traffic signals, garden scenic spots, and park green spaces to solar power supply. This saves 21 million kWh of electricity annually and reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 17,000 tons. Located in the High-tech Zone, the Dian Valley Building, which combines a five-star hotel with solar photovoltaic power generation, is a landmark structure symbolizing Baoding as the "China Electric Valley" and its new energy industry.

The county-level economies have developed relatively quickly, featuring regional characteristic economies such as Rongcheng's clothing industry, Gaoyang's textile industry, Anguo's Chinese herbal medicine processing industry, Lixian's leather processing industry, and Baigou's luggage and bags.

5.1 Agricultural Products and Specialties

Baoding's agriculture utilizes 102,700 hectares of arable land. Main crops include wheat, corn, and cotton. The nearby Mancheng District produces strawberries, while Shunping County produces peaches and apples, among others. There are also three famous specialties known as the "Three Treasures of Baoding": iron balls, fermented flour paste, and spring greens. Other specialties include Huaimao pickles, wild jujube, walnuts, Baigou bags and luggage, Lixian leather, Wangdu chili peppers, as well as snacks like donkey meat火烧 (donkey meat stuffed in baked wheat cake), bone residue meatballs, and beef stew with饼 (beef stew with flatbread).

6. Transportation

6.1 Railway

Baoding Station was first established in 1899, opening alongside the precursor to the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, the Lu-Bao Railway. It is currently a first-class station under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Railway Bureau and, together with Baoding East Station which handles high-speed rail services, serves as the main passenger station for Baoding city proper. Baoding is a "Y"-shaped railway hub, with the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway traversing the city diagonally, and the Tianjin-Baoding Railway starting from Xushui Station in Xushui District and connecting eastward to Tianjin West Station. Additionally, there are the Baoding-Mancheng local railway leading to the mountainous areas, the Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway passing through southern Baoding, and the Beijing-Yuanping Railway passing through northern Baoding. Within the city's territory, major stations on the Beijing-Guangzhou line include Zhuozhou (Zhuozhou East), Gaobeidian (Gaobeidian East), Xushui, and Dingzhou (Dingzhou East). The Tianjin-Baoding line has stations such as Xushui, Baiyangdian, and Baigou. The Beijing-Yuanping line mainly features stations like Yesanpo, Bailixia, Baijian, and Laiyuan.

The operational Beijing-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway and Tianjin-Baoding Intercity Railway enable bus-like connections to Beijing in 40 minutes and to Tianjin in 50 minutes, further consolidating Baoding's advantageous geographical position and establishing it as a significant railway transportation hub in North China.

The planned Xiong'an-Xinzhou High-Speed Railway will traverse the city diagonally from northeast to southwest. The Beijing-Hong Kong-Taiwan Passenger Dedicated Line will pass through the eastern part of Baoding City. The Shijiazhuang-Xiong'an Intercity Railway will start from Baoding East Station and pass through counties and cities in southern Baoding.

6.2 Highway

Highways within the territory include the G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, the Cangzhou-Baoding-Fuping Expressway (Bao-Cang, Bao-Fu), the G18 Rongcheng-Wuhai Expressway (Jin-Xiong), the G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway, the Beijing Outer Ring Expressway, the S010 Zhangjiakou-Shijiazhuang Expressway, and the G45 Daqing-Guangzhou Expressway. Baoding has the highest expressway mileage among all prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province.

6.3 Aviation

Baoding city center is located 134.6 km north of Beijing, 145 km east of Tianjin, and 127 km south of Shijiazhuang. Within a 150 km radius, it has access to four major aviation hubs: Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport, Tianjin Binhai International Airport, and Shijiazhuang Zhengding Airport. The city center's urban airport terminal offers shuttle buses to Beijing Capital International Airport, Daxing International Airport, and Zhengding Airport.

6.4 Water Transport

Baoding has numerous rivers and historically had prosperous waterway transport. The Fu River south of the city was navigable towards Baiyangdian and Tianjin. In July 1949, the Fu River channel was dredged, and the Tianjin-Baoding waterway was fully reopened for navigation, with a Fu River Shipping Management Station established at Liushoumiao Wharf in Baoding. Later, due to consecutive years of drought and other reasons, inland waterway transport completely ceased, and the wharf was abandoned in the 1960s. In November 2013, the municipal government designated the Fu River Shipping Management Station as an immovable cultural heritage site. Currently, Baoding can connect to the two major seaports of Tianjin Port and Huanghua Port via highways and the Tianjin-Baoding and Shuozhou-Huanghua Railways.

6.5 Public Transportation

Baoding has a well-developed public transportation system and is one of the national pilot cities for the "Transit Metropolis" initiative. Baoding Public Transportation Corporation and Hebei Baoding Transportation Group Co., Ltd. operate urban bus routes and suburban/county bus routes, respectively. They operate 66 urban bus passenger routes, 10 customized bus routes, with a daily passenger volume exceeding 400,000. They also run over 600 long-distance passenger routes, with over 4,000 daily departures, transporting 380,000 passengers daily. There are over 40 kilometers of dual-source trolleybus lines.

Furthermore, within Baoding, there are two bus routes, 838 and 917 Express, that provide direct access to Beijing.

6.6 Rail Transit

The planned Xiong'an Rail Transit R1 Line will start from Baoding East Station in the west, with provisions reserved for connection to Baoding's planned urban rail transit system. The R1 Line will run eastward through the starting area of the Xiong'an New Area, connecting to Xiong'an Station and Daxing Airport, and will operate through-running with the Beijing Subway Daxing Airport Line. The R1 Line also includes designed branch lines to Xushui District and Baigou Town in Baoding City.

7. Education

According to data from the Hebei Statistical Yearbook 2021, Baoding City has 99 senior high schools (77 excluding Dingzhou and Xiong'an New Area), 35 provincial-level exemplary high schools, 76 secondary vocational schools (64 excluding Dingzhou and Xiong'an New Area), 396 junior high schools (319 excluding Dingzhou and Xiong'an New Area), 2,137 primary schools (1,639 excluding Dingzhou and Xiong'an New Area), and 23 special education schools (19 excluding Dingzhou and Xiong'an New Area).

7.1 Undergraduate Institutions

• Hebei University New Campus
• North China Electric Power University (Baoding)
• Hebei University
• Hebei Agricultural University
• The National Police University for Criminal Justice (National Lawyer College)
• Hebei Finance University
• Baoding University
• Hebei College of Science and Technology
• Baoding University of Technology
• Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering

7.2 Independent Colleges

• College of Business and Administration, Hebei University (discontinued, gradually integrated into the parent Hebei University)
• College of Modern Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University

7.3 Junior Colleges

• Baoding Open University

7.4 Vocational Education

• Jizhong Vocational College (Dingzhou)
• Hebei Vocational Art College
• Hebei Software Institute
• Baoding Vocational and Technical College
• Baoding Electric Power Vocational and Technical College
• Baoding Preschool Teachers College
• Baoding Xinxing Industrial Technical School
• Baoding Women's Vocational Secondary School
• Baoding No.4 Middle School
• Baoding Science and Technology Secondary Specialized School
• Baoding Huzhen Technical School
• Baoding Xingong Secondary Specialized School
• Baoding Technician College (Baoding Engineering Technical School)
• Baoding Jifu Vocational Senior High School
• Lianchi District Second Vocational Education Center

7.5 High Schools

Municipal Districts:

• Baoding No.1 High School, Baoding No.1 High School Experimental School
• Baoding No.2 High School
• Baoding No.3 High School, Baoding No.3 High School Experimental School
• Baoding No.7 High School
• Baoding Foreign Language School (Junior High Section is Baoding No.17 Middle School)
• Baoding Tianjiabing High School
• Baoding Aihecheng High School
• Baoding Fine Arts High School
• Baoding Tongji High School
• Baoding Oriental Bilingual School
• Baoding Rongda High School
• Baoding Yinghua High School
• Baoding Zhongheng High School (Heyang Hengshui No.1 High School)
• Hebei Mancheng High School
• Baoding No.28 Middle School (Mancheng District)
• Xushui District No.1 High School
• Xushui District Comprehensive High School
• Xushui Tianyuan School
• Xushui District Gongguzhuang High School
• Qingyuan District No.1 High School
• Qingyuan District Qingyuan High School
• Baoding Zelong Experimental High School (Zelong High School) (Qingyuan District)
• Baoding Mingda High School (Qingyuan District)
• Qingyuan District Zangcun High School
• Qingyuan District Lizhuang High School

Counties and County-level Cities:

• Hebei Province Zhuozhou High School
• Zhuozhou No.2 High School
• Zhuozhou Hengzhuo Elite High School
• Zhuozhou No.3 High School
• Baoding Geophysical Prospecting Center School Branch 1
• Baoding Geophysical Prospecting Center School Branch 4
• Baoding Geophysical Prospecting Center School Branch 6
• Zhuozhou Jingya School
• Dingzhou High School
• Hebei Anguo High School
• Anguo No.1 High School
• Hebei Qizhou High School
• Gaobeidian No.1 High School
• Gaobeidian No.3 High School
• Gaobeidian Xincheng Ziquan High School
• Gaobeiding Chongde Experimental High School
• Baigou New Town No.1 High School
• Lixian No.1 High School
• Lixian No.2 High School
• Lixian Nanzhuang High School
• Lixian Dabaichi High School
• Lixian Yucai High School
• Fuping High School
• Quyang County No.1 Senior High School
• Quyang County Yongning High School
• Quyang County No.4 Senior High School
• Quyang County No.5 Senior High School
• Baoding Wanheng High School (Quyang)
• Quyang County Hengyang High School
• Hebei Zu Chongzhi High School (Laishui)
• Laishui Experimental High School
• Laishui Bofeng High School
• Laishui Beixiong High School
• Laiyuan County No.1 High School
• Laiyuan County Laiyuan High School
• Dingxing County Dingxing High School
• Dingxing Experimental Senior High School
• Dingxing County Dingxing No.3 High School
• Dingxing County Beihe High School
• Tang County Qiming Senior High School
• Tang County No.2 High School
• Tang County Tianjiabing High School
• Hebei Province Wangdu High School
• Wangdu County Gudian High School
• Shunping County High School
• Shunping County Bowen Senior High School
• Hebei Province Boye High School
• Boye County Experimental High School
• Hebei Yixian High School
• Yixian No.2 High School
• Yixian No.3 High School
• Yixian Yishui Senior High School
• Gaoyang County Gaoyang High School
• Gaoyang Sanli Senior High School
• Baoding Honglijia Senior High School

8. Population

According to the 2010 Sixth National Population Census, the city's permanent resident population was 11.1944 million, an increase of 605,100 people compared to the Fifth National Population Census, representing a growth of 5.71% over ten years. The average annual growth rate was 0.56%. Among them, the male population was 5.6510 million, accounting for 50.48%; the female population was 5.5434 million, accounting for 49.52%. The overall sex ratio (with females as 100) was 101.94. The population aged 0-14 was 1.9158 million, accounting for 17.11%; the population aged 15-64 was 8.3706 million, accounting for 74.78%; and the population aged 65 and above was 908,000, accounting for 8.11%.

According to the 2020 Seventh National Population Census, the permanent resident population within the city's administrative division was 11,437,217 people. Compared to the 11,194,382 people from the 2010 Sixth National Population Census, this represents an increase of 242,835 people, a growth of 2.17%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.21%. The current jurisdiction of Baoding City (all data below exclude Dingzhou and Xiong'an New Area) had a population of 9,242,610 people. Compared to the 8,946,843 people from the 2010 Sixth National Population Census, this represents an increase of 295,767 people, a growth of 3.31%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.33%. Among them, the male population was 4,648,184 people, accounting for 50.29%; the female population was 4,594,426 people, accounting for 49.71%. The overall sex ratio was 101.17. The population aged 0-14 was 1,807,357 people, accounting for 19.55%; the population aged 15-59 was 5,607,821 people, accounting for 60.67%; the population aged 60 and above was 1,827,432 people, accounting for 19.77%, of which the population aged 65 and above was 1,301,425 people, accounting for 14.08%. The population residing in urban areas was 5,281,340 people, accounting for 57.14%; the population residing in rural areas was 3,961,270 people, accounting for 42.86%. The population with a university education (referring to college or above) was 1,083,465 people; the population with a high school education (including technical secondary school) was 1,228,422 people; the population with a junior high school education was 3,833,907 people; and the population with a primary school education was 2,305,994 people (the population with the above-mentioned educational levels includes graduates, dropouts, and current students of various types of schools).

Based on calculations from the 2021 population change sample survey results, the city's permanent resident population in 2021 (excluding Dingzhou and Xiong'an) was 9.1952 million, a decrease of 48,700 people compared to the end of the previous year, accounting for 12.35% of the provincial total, ranking third in the province after Shijiazhuang City and Handan City. Among them, the male population was 4.5547 million, and the female population was 4.6405 million, with a sex ratio of 98.15. Influenced by factors such as the dual decline in birth rate and natural growth rate, the total population decreased slightly. The urbanization rate of the permanent resident population was 58.45%, an increase of 1.31 percentage points from the previous year, indicating steady improvement in urbanization levels. However, structural population contradictions have become prominent, and issues such as the decrease in the number of births and the deepening of population aging require attention.

8.1. Ethnic Groups

Among the city's permanent resident population, the Han ethnic population is 9,066,504 people, accounting for 98.09%; the total population of various ethnic minorities is 176,106 people, accounting for 1.91%. Among them, the Manchu population is 91,934 people, accounting for 0.99%; the Hui population is 54,862 people, accounting for 0.59%.

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9. Culture

9.1 Scenic Spots and Historical Sites

9.1.1 World Heritage Sites

• The Great Wall – Zijingguan (Yixian County), List of the Great Wall in Baoding
• Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties – Western Qing Tombs (Yixian County)

9.1.2 National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

9.1.2.1 Urban Area

| Name | Number | Category | Period | |------------------------------|----------|------------------------------------|--------------------| | Shenzhuang Tunnel Warfare Site | 1-29 | Revolutionary Sites and Memorial Buildings | 1942 | | Zhili Governor's Office | 3-71 | Ancient Architecture and Historical Memorial Buildings | Qing | | Tomb of Prince Jing of Zhongshan | 3-235 | Ancient Tombs | Western Han | | Nanzhuangtou Site | 5-3 | Ancient Sites | Early Neolithic Period | | Ancient Lotus Pond | 5-222 | Ancient Architecture | Jin to Qing | | Liulingzui Distillery Site | 6-16 | Ancient Sites | Jin to Yuan | | Tomb of Zhang Rou | 6-227 | Ancient Tombs | Yuan | | Daci Pavilion | 6-351 | Ancient Architecture | Qing | | Site of the Former Yude Middle School | 6-896 | Important Modern Historical Sites and Representative Buildings | 1907-1937 | | Site of the Former Baoding Army Officer School | 6-897 | Important Modern Historical Sites and Representative Buildings | 1912-1923 | | Yaozhuang Site | 7-0017 | Ancient Sites | Shang to Zhou | | Dongheishan Site | 7-0026 | Ancient Sites | Warring States, Han | | Song Imperial Mausoleum | 7-0520 | Ancient Tombs | Five Dynasties, Song | | Baoding Bell Tower | 7-0749 | Ancient Architecture | Ming | | Fangshun Bridge | 7-0753 | Ancient Architecture | Ming to Qing | | Huai Army Guild Hall | 7-0763 | Ancient Architecture | Qing | | Qinghe Dao Office | 7-0764 | Ancient Architecture | Qing | | Site of the Former Zhili Judicial Office | 7-1635 | Important Modern Historical Sites and Representative Buildings | Qing to Republic of China |

9.1.2.2 Counties and County-level Cities

| Name | Number | Category | Location | Period | |--------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------|--------------|--------------------| | Site of the Former Municipal New Salt Technology School | 6-899 | Important Modern Historical Sites and Representative Buildings | Yuanyang County | 1317-1331 | | Kaipan Temple | 4-96 | Ancient Architecture | Yuanyang Panshi City | Liao | | Songshan Jade System Garden | 5-221 | Ancient Architecture | Tangping County | Huai | | Yueban Pagoda | 7-0724 | Ancient Architecture | Tangping County | Liao | | Site of the Former Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Advanced Experimental Garden Headquarters | 4-238 | Important Modern Historical Sites and Representative Buildings | Huangping County | 1308-1343 | | Chuzhou Ban Pagoda | 5-218 | Ancient Architecture | Chuzhou City | Liao | | Yongji Bridge | 6-332 | Ancient Architecture | Chuzhou City | Yanyan County || Jinmen Pavilion | 6-350 | Guchao Nest | Chuzhou City | Han | | Yong'an Temple Pagoda | 7-0723 | Guchao Nest | Chuzhou City | Liao | | Kitchen Dang | 4-95 | Ancient Architecture | Hongyuan County | Han | | Great Wall No. 1 Longsha Great Wall | 5-442(0) | Ancient Architecture | Hongyuan County | Ming | | Sanskrit Pagoda | 6-326 | Ancient Architecture | Hongyuan County | Han | | Chengcang Tour Fort | 5-223 | Ancient Architecture | Hongshui County | Han | | Weizhi King Tomb | 6-228 | Ancient Architecture | Hongshui County | Qing | | West Ancestral Hall Wall | 6-225 | Ancient Architecture | Hongshui County | Han | | Huangfu Temple Wall | 7-0729 | Ancient Architecture | Hongshui County | Jin, Yuan, Ming | | Jinshan Temple Sheci Wall | 7-0731 | Ancient Architecture | Hongshui County | Yuan | | Mansion Archive Collection | 6-225 | Ancient Architecture | Wangdu County | Han | | Beiyue Temple | 2-24 | Ancient Architecture and Historical Memorial Buildings | Quyang County | Yuan | | Yadi Relocation Site | 3-225 | Ancient Architecture | Quyang County | Tang, Song, Yuan | | Fishing Terrace Site | 6-7 | Ancient Architecture | Quyang County | Neolithic | | Guxiang Temple Pagoda | 6-319 | Ancient Architecture | Quyang County | Northern Wei | | Bashe Temple Inscriptions | 7-1501 | Ancient Inscriptions and Stone Carvings | Quyang County | Qing | | Gaogong Pagoda (Site), including | Shang 15D | Ancient Architecture, Ancient Tombs | Hu County, Hongxing County | Yang | | War Formation Hall | 1-180 | Ancient Architecture | Hu County | Qing | | Great Wall Yizhangdong Pass | 4-132 | Ancient Architecture | Hu County | Ming | | Longxing Suburban Road Pillar Tower | 4-184 | Ancient Inscriptions and Stone Carvings | Hu County | Song | | Northern City Site | 6-6 | Ancient Architecture | Hu County | Neolithic | | Shengxiang Temple Pagoda | 6-224 | Ancient Architecture | Hu County | Han | | Shuangtang Temple Twin Pagodas | 7-0728 | Ancient Architecture | Hu County | Jin, Yuan, Ming | | Yidu Fifth Pillar | 1-77 | Ancient Architecture and Historical Memorial Buildings | Hongxing County | Shenzi | | Qingyun Pavilion | 4-114 | Ancient Architecture | Hongxing County | Yuan | | Baiyun Pavilion | 5-209 | Ancient Architecture | Anyang City | Song, Qing | | Xinren Pagoda | 6-347 | Ancient Architecture | Anyang City | Ming | | Nanyuan Site | 6-10 | Ancient Architecture | Rongcheng County | Zhou || Jiecungou Town Temple Pagoda | 6-316 | Ancient Architecture | Yuye County | Tang | | Wogusi Fortress Site | 7-1583 | Ancient Temples and Stone Carvings | Hu County | Song | | Beibingshui Site | 7-0016 | Ancient Architecture | Hu County | Shang, Eastern Zhou, Han | | Lingdu Fourth National Highway | 6-300 | Modern Landmark with Ancient Architectural Features | Hongcheng City | 1300-4396 | | Dingzhou Hotel Temple | 7-0725 | Ancient Architecture | Hongcheng City | Yuan to Qing | | Dingchang Dandong Temple Pagoda | 1-170 | Ancient Architecture and Historical Memorial Buildings | Hongcheng City | Song | | Jingzhongyuan Longji Installation | 6-322 | Ancient Architecture | Hongcheng City | Jing | | Jinglong Temple Longji Installation | 6-321 | Ancient Architecture | Hongcheng City | Jing | | Large-scale Activity Fee | 6-345 | Table Tennis Player | Recipient | Fee | | Disaster is Justice | 5-147 | Table Tennis Player | Recipient | Situation | | Fixed Capacity Traffic | 7-0700 | Table Tennis Player | Recipient | Full | | Fixed Capacity Opening Performance | 5-213 | Table Tennis Player | Recipient | Full |

9.2 Tourist Attractions

9.2.1 National 5A-Level Tourist Attractions

• Baiyangdian (Anxin)
• Yesanpo (Laishui)
• Baishi Mountain (Laiyuan)

9.2.2 National 4A-Level Tourist Attractions

• Western Qing Tombs (Yi County)
• Mancheng Han Tomb (Mancheng District): Tomb of King Jing of Zhongshan, Western Han Dynasty
• Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Revolutionary Memorial Hall (Fuping)
• Langya Mountain (Yi County)
• Zhili Governor's Office (Lianchi District)

9.2.3 National Geological Parks

Laiyuan Baishi Mountain National Geological Park Fuping Tianshengqiao National Geological Park Laishui Yesanpo National Geological Park

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It was named during the Song and Yuan dynasties with the meaning of "forever ensuring peace and stability."

Jingxiu District

Dingzhou City

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Sophora japonica

Roses, Chrysanthemums