Zhangzhou (漳州)

1. Introduction

Zhangzhou City (Southern Min: Chiang-chiu-chhī), abbreviated as Zhang, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. It is located in the southern part of Fujian Province, situated in the mountainous region of southeastern Fujian and the coastal hilly plain area. The Boping Ridge spans across its northwest, the remnants of the Daiyun Mountains extend through its north, and the coastal area forms the Zhangzhou Plain, which is the largest plain in Fujian Province. The Jiulong River flows diagonally through the northern part, exiting eastward into Xiamen Harbor, along with other coastal rivers such as the Luxi, Zhangjiang, and Dongxi. The Municipal People's Government is located at No. 118, West Shengli Road, Xiangcheng District. Zhangzhou is a National Historical and Cultural City, a central city in the West Coast Economic Zone of the Taiwan Strait, a national coastal economic open zone approved by the State Council, and one of the earlier regions in China to implement opening-up policies. Zhangzhou is situated at the southern end of the Southern Fujian Golden Triangle, where railways such as Xiamen-Shenzhen, Longyan-Xiamen, and Yingtan-Xiamen, as well as the Fuzhou-Xiamen Passenger Dedicated Line, converge.

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2. History

The area of present-day Zhangzhou had inhabitants living and working here as early as approximately 10,000 years ago. In the 25th year of the reign of Qin Wang Zheng (222 BCE, alternatively recorded as the 33rd year of Qin Shi Huang), it was incorporated into the Qin territory and belonged to the Minzhong Commandery.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, with Mount Liang as the boundary, the northern part belonged to the Minyue Kingdom, while the southern part belonged to the Nanyue Kingdom. In the second year of the Shiyuan era (85 BCE), after the feudal system was replaced by the commandery-county system, the northern part fell under Yexian County of the Kuaiji Commandery, and the southern part belonged to Jieyang County of the Nanhai Commandery.

From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the northern part was under Longxi County (established in 507 CE) and Lan Shui County of the Nan'an Commandery, while the southern part belonged to Sui'an County of the Yi'an Commandery.

In the 12th year of the Kaihuang era of the Sui Dynasty (592 CE), Lan Shui County and Sui'an County were merged into Longxi County, ending the division of the present-day Zhangzhou area between two commanderies.

In the second year of the Chuigong era of the Tang Dynasty (686 CE), Zhangzhou was established (with its administrative seat located in Xilin Village, Huotian Town, present-day Yunxiao County), governing Huaien and Zhangpu counties. It was named Zhangzhou because the prefectural seat was situated beside the Zhang River. In the fourth year of the Kaiyuan era (716 CE), the prefectural seat was moved to Li'ao River (present-day Sui'an Town, Zhangpu County). After the 29th year of the Kaiyuan era (741 CE), Longxi County and Longyan County were placed under its jurisdiction. In the second year of the Zhenyuan era (786 CE), the prefectural seat was relocated again to Guilin Village in Longxi County (present-day Zhangzhou urban area).

In the fourth year of the Baoda era of the Southern Tang Dynasty (946 CE), when Dong Si'an served as the prefect of Zhangzhou, he changed the name of Zhangzhou to Nanzhou to avoid using the character "Zhang," which shared the same pronunciation as his father's given name, "Zhang." This name lasted for 20 years until the fourth year of the Qiande era of the Northern Song Dynasty (966 CE), when it was restored to Zhangzhou.

In the fifth year of the Taiping Xingguo era of the Northern Song Dynasty (980 CE), Changtai County, originally under Quanzhou, was transferred to Zhangzhou.

During the Ming Dynasty, the maritime prohibition policy was implemented, and Yuegang in Zhangzhou became a thriving smuggling port during this period.

In the second year of the Shunzhi era of the Qing Dynasty (1645 CE), the Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian was established. In the 15th year of the Shunzhi era (1658 CE), separate governors were appointed for Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. The Governor of Fujian was stationed in Zhangzhou, while the Governor of Zhejiang was stationed in Wenzhou. In the 11th year of the Kangxi era (1672 CE), the Governor of Fujian was relocated to Fuzhou.

From 1684 to 1842, the Fujian Customs was initially established in Zhangzhou and managed by the General of Fuzhou. In the 22nd year of the Daoguang era (1842 CE), the Fujian Customs was moved to Fuzhou and continued to be managed by the General of Fuzhou.

From 1864 to 1865, Li Shixian, the Prince of Shi of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, established a regime in Zhangzhou.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the area belonged to the Tingzhang Circuit. Later, the circuit system was abolished, and counties were directly administered by the province. Administrative Inspection Districts were subsequently established.

From September 1918 to August 1920, Zhangzhou served as the political center of the Southern Fujian Constitution Protection Zone established by Chen Jiongming.

From July 1923 to February 1924, Huang Dawei, appointed as the Chaoshan Border Defense Superintendent by Chen Jiongming, along with Lai Shihuang (a Jiangxi Army general aligned with Chen Jiongming), Liu Zhilu (a Guangxi Army general), and Wang Xianchen (a former subordinate of Li Houji), established the "Allied Forces Office" regime in Zhangzhou. After the collapse of the "Allied Forces Office" regime, warlord Zhang Yi ruled the Zhangzhou area until November 17, 1926. From 1928 to 1932, the Zhangzhou area was ruled by warlord Zhang Zhen.

From February 1931 to 1935, local organizations of the Chinese Communist Party established the Raohepu-Zhao Soviet Area in the border region of Pinghe, Zhao'an, Raoping (Guangdong), and Dabu (Guangdong) counties. From April 1932 to February 1938, local organizations of the Chinese Communist Party established the Jinghepu Soviet Area in the border region of Nanjing, Pinghe, and Zhangpu counties.

In the final years of the Republic of China, most of the present-day Zhangzhou area belonged to the Fifth Administrative Inspection District.

In 1949, the People's Liberation Army occupied Zhangzhou.

In 1950, the Longxi Special District was established.

In June 1951, the county-level Zhangzhou City was established by separating the urban area of Longxi County.

In 1960, Longxi County and Haicheng County were merged to form Longhai County.

In 1971, the Zhangzhou Special District was renamed the Longxi Prefecture.

In June 1985, the Longxi Prefecture was reorganized into the prefecture-level Zhangzhou City, while the former county-level Zhangzhou City was reorganized into Xiangcheng District.

In 1993, Longhai County was reorganized into the county-level Longhai City.

In 1996, Longwen District was established by separating parts of Xiangcheng District and Longhai City.

On February 2, 2021, administrative adjustments were made to convert Longhai City and Changtai County into districts, establishing Longhai District and Changtai District.

3. Geography

Zhangzhou is the southernmost prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, bordering Guangdong Province. The northwest of Zhangzhou is mountainous, while the southeast is coastal. It has a South Asian tropical monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 21°C and an annual rainfall of 1,500 mm.

Zhangzhou is located in southeastern Fujian. Its land area stretches 187 km from north to south and 127 km from east to west, covering 12,607 square kilometers. It lies between 23°34′ to 25°15′ north latitude and 116°54′ to 118°08′ east longitude. To the east, it neighbors Xiamen City of Fujian; to the northeast, it borders Quanzhou City of Fujian; to the northwest, it is adjacent to Longyan City of Fujian; to the west, it borders Meizhou and Chaozhou cities of Guangdong; and to the southeast, it faces Taiwan across the sea.

The Boping Ridge spans the northwest, and the extension of the Daiyun Mountains reaches into the northern part of the territory. The main peak of Daqin Mountain in Pinghe County, with an elevation of 1,544.5 meters, is the highest point in the city. The Jiulong River, with a total length of 258 km, is the second-largest river in Fujian. Its basin area is 14,741 square kilometers, with 7,586 square kilometers within Zhangzhou. Other major rivers include the Luxi, Zhangjiang, and Dongxi rivers. The plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Jiulong River covers 720 square kilometers, making it the largest plain in the province.

| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------------| | Record high °C | 30.5 | 30.3 | 33.7 | 35.1 | 37.5 | 39.3 | 38.9 | 40.9 | 37.7 | 36.5 | 35.2 | 30.1 | 40.9 | | Record high °F | 86.9 | 86.5 | 92.7 | 95.2 | 99.5 | 102.7 | 102.0 | 105.6 | 99.9 | 97.7 | 95.4 | 86.2 | 105.6 | | Average high °C | 18.0 | 18.0 | 20.3 | 24.6 | 27.8 | 31.0 | 33.6 | 33.1 | 31.2 | 28.2 | 24.4 | 20.3 | 25.9 | | Average high °F | 64.4 | 64.4 | 68.5 | 76.3 | 82.0 | 87.8 | 92.5 | 91.6 | 88.2 | 82.8 | 75.9 | 68.5 | 78.6 | | Daily mean °C | 13.2 | 13.5 | 15.9 | 20.2 | 23.7 | 26.8 | 28.8 | 28.3 | 26.7 | 23.5 | 19.3 | 15.1 | 21.3 | | Daily mean °F | 55.8 | 56.3 | 60.6 | 68.4 | 74.7 | 80.2 | 83.8 | 82.9 | 80.1 | 74.3 | 66.7 | 59.2 | 70.3 |

• Average low °C | 10.0 | 10.7 | 13.0 | 17.1 | 20.9 | 23.8 | 25.3 | 25.1 | 23.5 | 20.1 | 15.6 | 11.4 | 18.0 | | Average low °F | 50.0 | 51.3 | 55.4 | 62.8 | 69.6 | 74.8 | 77.5 | 77.2 | 74.3 | 68.2 | 60.1 | 52.5 | 64.5 | | Record low °C | −2.1 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 6.4 | 12.3 | 17.0 | 21.0 | 21.3 | 15.1 | 7.6 | 3.8 | −0.1 | −2.1 | | Record low °F | 28.2 | 32.7 | 37.4 | 43.5 | 54.1 | 62.6 | 69.8 | 70.3 | 59.2 | 45.7 | 38.8 | 31.8 | 28.2 | | Avg. precipitation mm | 41.0 | 84.8 | 114.0 | 168.4 | 207.2 | 278.6 | 171.9 | 232.8 | 170.0 | 63.0 | 38.2 | 34.5 | 1,604.4 | | Avg. precipitation inches | 1.61 | 3.34 | 4.49 | 6.63 | 8.16 | 10.97 | 6.77 | 9.17 | 6.69 | 2.48 | 1.50 | 1.36 | 63.17 | | Avg. precipitation days | 8.5 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 11.2 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 139.6 |

4. Administrative Divisions

Zhangzhou City currently administers 4 municipal districts and 7 counties.

• Municipal Districts: Xiangcheng District, Longwen District, Longhai District, Changtai District
• Counties: Yunxiao County, Zhangpu County, Zhao'an County, Dongshan County, Nanjing County, Pinghe County, Hua'an County Additionally, Zhangzhou City has established the following administrative management zones: National-level Zhangzhou Investment Promotion Bureau Economic and Technological Development Zone, National-level Zhangzhou Taiwanese Investment Zone, National-level Zhangzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, National-level Dongshanwan Gulei Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Changshan Overseas Chinese Economic Development Zone.

| Division Code | Division Name | Minnan Pinyin | Area (km²) | Resident Population (2020 Census) | Government Seat | Postal Code | Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Including: Ethnic Townships | |-------------------|-------------------|------------------------|----------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------|------------------|-----------|---------------|--------------------------------| | 350600 | Zhangzhou City | Ziāngziū Cî | 12,882.27 | 5,054,328 | Longwen District | 363000 | 13 | 87 | 23 | 3 | | 350602 | Xiangcheng District | Hiāngsniá Kī | 245.57 | 638,060 | Dongputou Subdistrict | 363000 | 6 | 4 | | | | 350603 | Longwen District | Lióngbbún Kī | 125.84 | 301,883 | Buwen Subdistrict | 363000 | 6 | 1 | | | | 350604 | Longhai District | Liónghǎi Kī | 1,318.73 | 952,000 | Shima Subdistrict | 363100 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 1 | | 350605 | Changtai District | Diótuà Kī | 900.09 | 228,235 | Wu'an Town | 363900 | | 4 | 1 | | | 350622 | Yunxiao County | Wúnsiō Guân | 1,050.82 | 411,558 | Yunling Town | 363300 | | 6 | 3 | | | 350623 | Zhangpu County | Zniūpoǒ Guân | 2,149.31 | 847,535 | Sui'an Town | 363200 | | 17 | 4 | 2 | | 350624 | Zhao'an County | Ziào'ān Guân | 1,293.88 | 560,969 | Nanzhao Town | 363500 | | 10 | 5 | | | 350626 | Dongshan County | Dāngsnuā Guân | 248.87 | 219,511 | Xipu Town | 363400 | | 7 | | | | 350627 | Nanjing County | Lámzîng Guân | 1,961.97 | 305,259 | Shancheng Town | 363600 | | 11 | | | | 350628 | Pinghe County | Bínghó Guân | 2,309.58 | 455,042 | Xiaoxi Town | 363700 | | 10 | 5 | | | 350629 | Hua'an County | Huá'ān Guân | 1,277.60 | 134,276 | Huafeng Town | 363800 | | 6 | 3 | |

5. Economy

Zhangzhou City is an important coastal city in southeastern Fujian Province, with rapid economic development in recent years and continuous optimization and upgrading of its industrial structure. According to 2023 data, Zhangzhou's annual gross regional product (GDP) reached 572.843 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.9%. The proportion of the three industries was adjusted to 10.5:47.0:42.5, highlighting the dominant position of the secondary and tertiary industries.

Zhangzhou's economic structure is primarily driven by manufacturing, including industries such as textiles, machinery, electronics, and chemicals. In recent years, the Zhangzhou municipal government has actively promoted industrial structure optimization, vigorously developing high-tech industries, modern services, and modern agriculture. For example, Zhangzhou has established an industrial system dominated by electronic information, machinery manufacturing, food and beverages, among others.

In agriculture, Zhangzhou mainly cultivates products such as rice, sugarcane, platycodon, and tea, while the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries has also grown steadily. In the industrial sector, Zhangzhou's industrial added value has continued to increase, with particularly strong performance from heavy industrial enterprises. Additionally, Zhangzhou places emphasis on infrastructure development, with fixed asset investment continuously expanding, laying a solid foundation for sustained and stable economic growth.

Zhangzhou's urbanization rate has also increased year by year, reaching 64.2% by the end of 2023. Residents' income levels have steadily improved, with the city's per capita disposable income growing by 6.1% in 2023, further narrowing the urban-rural income gap.

Zhangzhou's external economy is also relatively active, with total import and export volume reaching 121.81 billion yuan in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 1.6%. Zhangzhou has also actively attracted foreign investment, with a significant increase in actual utilized foreign capital in 2022.

Through measures such as deepening reforms, optimizing the industrial structure, promoting infrastructure development, and enhancing residents' income, Zhangzhou has achieved high-quality economic development. In the future, Zhangzhou is expected to continue leveraging its geographical and industrial advantages to further enhance its economic strength and overall competitiveness.

6. Transportation

6.1 Railway

• Yingtan–Xiamen Railway
• Longyan–Xiamen Railway
• Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway

6.2 Rail Transit

6.2.1 Urban Rail Transit

The extension of Xiamen Rail Transit Line 6 to Jiaomei Town, Longhai District, Zhangzhou City is currently under construction.

6.2.2 Intercity Rail Transit

The Xiamen–Zhangzhou–Quanzhou Intercity Railway R1 Line starts from Quangang, passes through Huian, the Taiwan Investment Zone, Fengze, Jinjiang, and Nan'an, then connects to Xiang'an Airport. It subsequently traverses Xiang'an District of Xiamen City, crosses the East Sea area to set up a station near Xiamen Gaoqi Airport, and then crosses the West Sea area to reach Zhangzhou City. Its construction plan was approved in 2015, with construction planned to commence in 2021.

6.3 Highway

National Highway 324, National Highway 319, G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway Xiamen–Zhangzhou Section, G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway Zhangzhou–Zhao'an Section, G76 Zhangzhou–Longyan Expressway.

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7. Population

According to the Seventh National Population Census in 2020, the city's permanent resident population was 5,054,328. Compared with the 4,809,983 people from the Sixth National Population Census, the total increase over the ten years was 244,345 people, a growth of 5.08%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.5%. Among them, the male population was 2,599,071, accounting for 51.42% of the total population; the female population was 2,455,257, accounting for 48.58% of the total population. The overall sex ratio (with females as 100) was 105.86. The population aged 0–14 was 1,004,102, accounting for 19.87% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 was 3,143,679, accounting for 62.2% of the total population; the population aged 60 and above was 906,547, accounting for 17.94% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above was 623,456, accounting for 12.34% of the total population. The population residing in urban areas was 3,101,501, accounting for 61.36% of the total population; the population residing in rural areas was 1,952,827, accounting for 38.64% of the total population.

At the end of 2022, the city's permanent resident population was 5.068 million, a decrease of 2,000 from the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban permanent resident population was 3.21 million, with an urbanization rate of 63.3%. The annual number of births was 37,000, with a birth rate of 7.30‰; the number of deaths was 35,000, with a death rate of 6.90‰; the natural growth rate was 0.39‰. The registered household population at the end of the year was 5.272 million, an increase of 10,000 from the end of the previous year, a growth of 0.19%.

7.1. Ethnic Groups

Among the city's permanent resident population, the Han ethnic group population was 4,952,602, accounting for 97.99%; the combined population of various ethnic minorities was 101,726, accounting for 2.01%. Among them, the She ethnic group population was 46,891, accounting for 0.93%. Compared with the Sixth National Population Census in 2010, the Han ethnic group population increased by 218,361, a growth of 4.61%, with its proportion of the total population decreasing by 0.44 percentage points; the combined population of various ethnic minorities increased by 25,984, a growth of 34.31%, with its proportion of the total population increasing by 0.44 percentage points. Among them, the She ethnic group population decreased by 3,475, a decline of 6.9%, with its proportion of the total population decreasing by 0.12 percentage points.

8. Religion

• Buddhism: Nanshan Temple, Puzhao Temple, Sanping Temple, Gulin Temple, Dongming Temple, Lingtong Temple, Ruizhuyan Temple
• Taoism: Putou Grand Temple, Lubian Wei Hui Temple, Guanyuan Wei Hui Temple, Zhangpu Wei Hui Temple, Yunxiao Wei Hui Temple, Dongshan Guan Di Temple, Baijiao Ciji Palace, Xiadong Academy, Tongyuan Temple, Daixian Rock, Chuhua Fang
• Catholicism: Houban Our Lady of the Rosary Church, Dongbanhou Catholic Church, Linxia Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Zhangzhou Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Changtai Our Lady of Fatima Church, Nanjing Catholic Church, etc.
• Protestantism: Jieguan Pavilion Chapel, Dongbanhou Chapel, Gospel Hall, Beimen Chapel, Xiasha Chapel, etc.

9. Culture

Zhangzhou boasts a rich cultural life and possesses a significant number of national-level intangible cultural heritage items. The city's Zhangzhou Woodblock New Year Pictures, Zhangzhou Puppet Head Carving, Gezai Opera (Xiang Opera), Zhangzhou Glove Puppetry, Jinge (Brocade Songs), Zhangzhou Cai Fumei Traditional Drum-Making Craft, Zhangzhou Eight-Treasure Ink Paste, the Baosheng Dadi belief in Longhai District, the Zhangpu Paper-Cutting Custom in Zhangpu County, the Gaoshan Ethnic Group Hand-in-Hand Dance in Hua'an County, and the Dongshan Song Book in Dongshan County are all inscribed on the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Additionally, Zhangzhou culture also includes Chaozhou Opera, paper-cutting, lantern riddles, the Dachegu Dance, and Quanzhou Nanyin music.

9.1 Specialties

Zhangzhou Snow Fungus

• Fruits: Ponkan, lychee, banana, longan, pomelo, pineapple, bayberry, loquat
• Flowers: Narcissus, camellia, orchid
• Seafood: Prawn, grouper, redfin porgy (Yellowfin Seabream), abalone, lobster, scallop, etc.
• Snacks: Ganban Noodles (Dry Mixed Noodles), Satay Noodles, Zhangzhou Lu Mian (Braised Noodles), Duck Noodles, Douhua (Tofu Pudding), Wuxiang (Five-Spice Rolls), Guobianhu (Rice Paste Soup), Siguo Tang (Four-Ingredient Dessert Soup), Jizaitai (Balut), Hand-Grabbed Noodles, Triangle Cakes, Tiancao (Grass Jelly, Hot Grass Jelly), Oyster Omelette, Mishaimu (Rice Noodles), Pork Liver Thread Noodles, Radish Cake, etc.

9.2 Language

The main dialect of Zhangzhou City is the Zhangzhou dialect, belonging to the Quanzhang sub-dialect of the Southern Min (Minnan) branch of the Min language group (further divisible into Northern and Southern sub-dialects), spoken in most parts of Zhangzhou City. The Zhangzhou dialect retains many features of Middle Chinese and possesses a well-developed system of literary and colloquial readings. Additionally, other dialects are distributed:

• Hakka Zhangchao dialect: Spoken in the southwestern part of Pinghe County, the northern part of Zhao'an County, and the western tip of Nanjing County.
• Minnan Chaoshan sub-dialect Raoping dialect: Spoken in the western tip of Zhao'an County.
• Minnan Quanzhang sub-dialect Quanzhou dialect Fucheng accent: Spoken in the northeastern part of Hua'an County.
• Minnan Quanzhang branch Western sub-dialect Zhangping dialect: Spoken in the western part of Hua'an County, as well as the northern and northwestern tips of Nanjing County.
• Shehua (She language): Spoken in Guanshe Village and Pingshui Village of Xinxu Town, Hua'an County.

9.3 Scenic Spots and Historical Sites

9.3.1 Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level

• Dongshan Guan Yu Temple
• Zhangzhou Stone Memorial Archways
• Fujian Tulou (Earthen Buildings)
• Dacheng Hall of Zhangzhou Prefectural Confucian Temple
• Jiangdong Bridge
• Zhao Family Castle - Yi'an Castle
• Nansheng Kiln Sites
• Nanshan Palace
• Zhangzhou Lin Clan Ancestral Hall
• Dacheng Hall of Zhangpu Confucian Temple
• Deyuan Hall
• Lin's Charitable Estate
• Site of Tianyi General Bureau
• Site of the Leading Organ of the Eastern Route Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
• Lianhuachi Mountain Site
• Tombs of Chen Zheng and Chen Yuanguang
• Site of Zhenhaiwei Fortress City
• Pinghe City God Temple
• Mansion of Lan Tingzhen
• Xianzitan Cliff Carvings
• Wugengliao Traditional Blast Furnace Cluster
• Fujian Tomb Cluster of Soldiers Who Defended Taiwan

9.3.2 Historical Sites

• Urban Area (Xiangcheng District, Longwen District, Longhai District, Changtai District): Zhangzhou Stone Memorial Archways, Zhangzhou Prefectural Confucian Temple, Zhangzhou Lin Clan Ancestral Hall, Site of the Leading Organ of the Eastern Route Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, Jiangdong Bridge, Nanshan Temple, Xiadong Academy, Zhangzhou Cai Family Residence, Putou Grand Temple, Lubian Weihui Temple, Guanyuan Weihui Temple, Yundong Rock, Baijiao Ciji Palace, Lin's Charitable Estate, Site of Tianyi General Bureau, etc.
• Dongshan County: Dongshan Guan Yu Temple
• Hua'an County: Eryi Lou, Nanshan Palace
• Zhangpu County: Zhao Family Castle, Yi'an Castle
• Nanjing County: Deyuan Hall, Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster, Hegui Lou, Taxia Village
• Pinghe County: Sanping Temple, Shengwu Lou, Lingtong Rock, Qiaoshang Study

9.3.3 Scenic Areas

2 National 4A-Level Tourist Attractions

• Dongshan Wind-Moving Rock Scenic Area
• Zhangzhou Tianfu Tea Museum
• Zhangzhou Southeast Flower Capital

1 National Geopark

• Zhangzhou Coastal Volcanic Geomorphology National Geopark

3 National Forest Parks

• Hua'an County Forest Park
• Dongshan County Forest Park
• Changtai Tianzhu Mountain

2 National Nature Reserves

• Nanjing Hubaoliao National Nature Reserve
• Yunxiao Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve

5 Provincial-Level Key Scenic Areas

• Dongshan Wind-Moving Rock – Tayu Scenic Area
• Longwen Yundong Rock Scenic Area
• Zhao'an Jiuhou Mountain Scenic Area
• Pinghe Lingtong Rock Scenic Area
• Zhangpu Qianting – Gulei Bay Scenic Area

1 UNESCO World Heritage Site

• Fujian Tulou

9.3.4 Other Attractions

• Zhongshan Park
• Yunshuiyao Ancient Town

10. Sister Cities

| Sister City | Date Established | Signing Location | |-------------------|---------|------| | Isahaya City (Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan) | 4/15/91 | Zhangzhou City | | Palembang City (South Sumatra Province, Indonesia) | 9/16/02 | Palembang City | | Wageningen (Gelderland Province, Netherlands) | 5/12/09 | Zhangzhou City | | Date City (Hokkaido, Japan) | 4/7/10 | Zhangzhou City | | Gödöllő (Pest County, Hungary) | 8/19/13 | Gödöllő City | | Honolulu City (Hawaii, USA) | 9/20/13 | Honolulu City |

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Named after the Zhang River (Jiulong River) — "Yuanhe Junxian Zhi"

Named after the Zhang River (Jiulong River) — "Yuanhe Junxian Zhi"

Longhai District

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Camphor tree

Narcissus