Tianmu Lake Scenic Area in Changzhou

1. Introduction

The Tianmu Lake Scenic Area in Changzhou, abbreviated as Tianmu Lake Scenic Area and locally known as Tianmu Lake Tourist Resort, is located 8 kilometers south of Liyang City, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. The area is home to two national-level large reservoirs, Shahe and Daxi. As it belongs to the extension of the Tianmu Mountain range, it is named "Tianmu Lake." The overall planned area of the tourist resort is 10.67 square kilometers (excluding the water surface of 7.25 square kilometers).

Around Tianmu Lake, many historical and cultural sites remain: Wuyun Mountain, named after the Chu figure Wu Zixu (also known as Wu Yuan) from the Spring and Autumn Period; the reading platform of Cai Yong, a great literary figure of the Eastern Han Dynasty; Taibai Tower; Bao'en Zen Temple; the site of Longxing Temple, a famous temple from the Tang Dynasty; and the "World's First Stone Arch Dam," among others. The Tianmu Lake region is rich in local products, including "Shahe Guiming" green tea, "Oolong tea," "Pearl Chestnuts," "Guiyuan Chestnuts," and "Clay Pot Fish Head." Tianmu Lake Tourist Resort is a provincial-level tourist resort that integrates sightseeing, tourism, vacationing, conferences, and other activities, offering a comprehensive service chain covering "transportation, sightseeing, accommodation, dining, shopping, and entertainment."

In July 1994, Tianmu Lake Tourist Resort was approved as a provincial-level tourist resort by the Jiangsu Provincial People's Government. In 2013, the Tianmu Lake Scenic Area in Changzhou was recognized as a National AAAAA Tourist Attraction by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China.

2. Development History

In 1957, water conservancy experts from Jiangsu Province conducted surveys in Liyang, studying the local terrain. They discovered that the flat Shahe area was flanked by continuous green mountains. They realized that if the downstream section of Shahe could be dammed, the water could be used for electricity generation, irrigation, and ensuring stable agricultural yields, benefiting the people. This would be a great undertaking with lasting benefits. Thus, the construction of the "Shahe Reservoir" began.

In 1992, to meet the needs of reform and opening up, the Shahe Reservoir was renamed Tianmu Lake.

In 1999, the town of Tianmu Lake was established, named after the lake.

3. Geographical Environment

3.1 Location

Tianmu Lake is located in the southern part of Liyang City, 8 kilometers from the city center. It borders Daibu Town to the east, Qiucun Town in Guangde County, Anhui Province, and Lingda Township in Langxi County to the south, Shezhu Town and Nandu Town to the west, and Licheng Town to the north. It lies in the central region of the Yangtze River Delta.

3.2 Topography and Landforms

Tianmu Lake is situated within Tianmu Lake Town and is part of the Yili Mountain area. It features relatively low altitude, significant terrain fluctuations, and complex and diverse soil types, mostly red soil and yellow-brown soil. The soil is highly acidic, with shallow arable layers and deficiencies in phosphorus and potassium. Yellow clay soil predominates, making it a typical low mountainous and hilly region.

3.3 Climate

Tianmu Lake experiences a subtropical monsoon climate characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons, clear seasonal changes, abundant rainfall, and a long frost-free period. The annual average temperature is 17.5°C, with 3.2°C in January and 31.1°C in July. The average annual precipitation is 1149.7 mm, with 42.2 mm in January and 154 mm in July. Sunshine hours are 137.6 hours in January and 229 hours in July.

Liyang City's climate is also a subtropical monsoon climate, featuring mild and humid conditions, distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, ample sunshine, and long summer and winter seasons, with shorter spring and autumn periods.

4. Main Attractions

4.1 Landscape Garden Scenic Area

The Tianmu Lake Landscape Garden Scenic Area is a National AAAAA scenic spot and the core area of Tianmu Lake. It includes attractions such as the Filial Piety Culture Garden, Zhuangyuan Culture Area, Odd Stone Museum, Elf Kingdom, Butterfly Valley, and China Tea Island. Surrounded by mountains and water, with shimmering waves, scattered islands, and winding shores, boat tours are a classic activity in the scenic area, accommodating over a thousand visitors simultaneously.

Zhuangyuan culture is the core of the Huli Mountain Historical and Cultural Area, while filial piety culture is the opening theme of the Traditional Culture Garden. Attractions include the Odd Stone Museum and Jiangnan Tea Village. Longxing Island's Butterfly Valley features three exhibition halls: Butterfly Love, Butterfly Dream, and Butterfly Painting. The Elf Kingdom, with Linda's Stage, Dore's Village, and Jimmy's Paradise, creates a joyful animal park for children, offering encounters with the musical spectacle of the animal kingdom—the performances of the Elf Band.

Tianmu Lake Water World, located within the Landscape Garden Scenic Area, is the only lakeside and natural landscape-themed water park in East China and a top ecological water world in Asia. It opens annually during the summer vacation, offering an original ecological environment, high-quality water, lush vegetation, and ample shade, eliminating worries about sun exposure while playing in the water. Designed by top international planning institutions, it features dozens of imported facilities, including Giant Bowl Slides, Giant Anaconda, Family Raft Slides, Baby Paradise, Speed Slides, Free Fall, Parallel Loop, Caribbean Water City, Super Typhoon, and Maya Drift.

4.1.1 Huli Mountain

"The thread in the hands of a loving mother, the clothes on the body of a traveling son. Stitched densely before departure, fearing his delayed return. Who says the heart of an inch-long blade of grass can repay the warmth of three spring suns?" This timeless masterpiece was written by the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao while serving as the county magistrate of Liyang.

Huli Mountain showcases Liyang's unique historical and cultural landscape, with themes centered on filial piety culture, Zhuangyuan culture, and odd stone culture. Surrounded by water on three sides and connected to land on one, it resembles a small hill extending into the lake, hence the name Huli Mountain Scenic Area. It is the earliest developed island in Tianmu Lake, covering over 200 acres. The area is lush with bamboo and trees, with winding stone steps and pavilions built around the lake. Strolling through it offers panoramic views of the lake and mountains.

The Filial Piety Culture Area highlights familial affection through traditional humanistic themes, reflecting Liyang's reputation as a "City of Gratitude and Land of Great Love." Walking through the Loving Mother Hall, visitors can appreciate the essence and stories of Chinese filial piety culture, and even write letters on-site to mail to distant relatives.

4.1.2 Zhuangyuan Pavilion

A sacred site for Zhuangyuan culture in the Yangtze River Delta, the pavilion houses a collection of the names of 736 Zhuangyuan (top scholars in imperial examinations) from ancient China, epitomizing Zhuangyuan culture.

The front hall, Kuixing Pavilion, displays a white marble statue of Ma Shijun, a Zhuangyuan from Liyang. The walls feature small stories about studying, offering insights into the legendary lives of Zhuangyuan.

Ascending Zhuangyuan Pavilion not only allows visitors to savor the long-standing Zhuangyuan culture but also to enjoy elevated views, as it is the highest point on Huli Mountain.

Leaning on the railings and looking around, one can see the narrow Tianmu Lake winding through lush green mountains, with sparkling waves on the lake surface and sandpipers soaring, creating a refreshing and delightful feeling.

4.1.3 Odd Stone Museum

The museum houses a wide collection of unique stones from around the world, including malachite, water calcite, desert roses, and gemstone ornaments, showcasing a variety of shapes, rugged forms, and breathtaking beauty. The museum vividly recreates scenes such as "Returning the Jade Intact to Zhao," bringing the culture of stones to life. In addition to appreciation, visitors can purchase their favorite stones as gifts or keepsakes.

4.1.4 Ocean World

Tianmu Lake Ocean World covers an area of over 1,000 square meters and currently features three themes: World Freshwater Fish, Marine Treasures, and Tianmu Lake Local Ecology. It consists of six areas: Rainforest Exploration Zone, Coastal Walk Zone, Marine Encounter Zone, Dream Jellyfish Zone, Tianmu Lake Exploration Zone, and Sales Interaction Zone. Integrating marine life,科普 knowledge, entertainment, and cultural experiences, it offers visitors new visual enjoyment and interactive experiences, creating a warm, familiar, and beloved marine environment, conveying a new spirit of marine culture, and advocating ecological harmony and the importance of environmental protection.

4.1.5 China Tea Island

Lu Xun once said, "Having good tea to drink and knowing how to drink good tea is a kind of pure happiness." For modern people with fast-paced lives and high work pressure, tea tasting is an enjoyment of life's art and a learning experience in modern living. On China Tea Island, visitors can personally participate in tea picking and processing. The China Tea Culture Garden and World White Tea are its highlights, where one can savor the history and flavors of Liyang White Tea. Strolling through Jiangnan Tea Village, visitors can explore the village market, learn local tea village slang, and appreciate the rural scenery, experiencing the simple folk life of Liyang people in the 1970s and 1980s.

4.1.6 Jiangnan Tea Village

Entering Jiangnan Tea Village, visitors can push a millstone to grind coarse rice, tread a foot-operated pestle to refine rice, and personally brew a cup of freshly ground soybean milk to taste. This also provides a genuine understanding of the saying, "Who knows that every grain in the bowl comes from hard work?"

4.1.7 China Tea Culture Garden

On China Tea Island, the China Tea Culture Garden comprehensively presents the long-standing cultural history of tea through themes such as the realm of tea, the缘分 of tea, the history of tea, and the customs of tea.

4.1.8 World White Tea

Epitomizing Chinese white tea culture, it showcases the cultural内涵 of two major teas: the outstanding Fuding White Tea and the era of泛 white tea—Anji White Tea. It also presents the new era of white tea—Tianmu Lake White Tea.

4.1.9 Xiaoyao Bridge (Carefree Bridge)

Exiting the island via Xiaoyao Bridge embodies the saying, "Happiness shared is happiness doubled." The more people on the bridge and the harder they shake it, the more intensely the bridge sways. Walking quickly across the bridge to the rhythm of the swaying feels like soaring through clouds, carefree and unrestrained.

4.1.10 World's First Teapot

Passing through the Zizai Bridge (Free and Easy Bridge) and ascending the Hydrangea Island, covered with tea trees, visitors are greeted by the古朴 and elegant "World's First Teapot." This purple clay teapot with a handle stands 3.5 meters high, with an inner diameter of 1.8 meters and a capacity of 2.7 cubic meters of water. It has been certified by the Shanghai Great World Guinness Records. Gurgling tea water flows continuously from the spout, never ceasing.

4.1.11 Longxing Island

Natural ecology is the hallmark of Longxing Island. The island boasts a良好的 ecological environment with lush vegetation. The southern end is densely covered with green climbing vines, while the northern end features连绵 bamboo hills,醉人的翠色,遮天盖地, giving visitors the feeling of walking into a forest.#### 4.1.12 Fairyland Fairyland features Linda's Stage, Duo'er's Village, and Jimmy's Paradise. Accompanied by rabbits and squirrels seen everywhere, visitors can watch the extraordinarily lively performances of the fairy band and join in 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